METRIC

CONVERSIONS
Mr. Reginald V. Calderon Jr.
 Units of length

The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter (m). One meter can be divided
into 10 decimeters (dm), 100 centimeters (cm) or 1000 millimeters (mm); 100 m equals to
1 hectometer (hm); while 1000 m is 1 kilometer (km).

1 m = 10 dm = 100 cm = 1000 mm
0.1 m = 1 dm = 10 cm = 100 mm
0.01 m = 0.1 dm = 1 cm = 10 mm
0.001 m = 0.01 dm = 0.1 cm = 1 mm

1 km = 10 hm = 1000 m
0.1 km = 1 hm = 100 m
0.01 km = 0.1 hm = 10 m
0.001 km = 0.01 hm = 1 m
 Length 1 m

Units of surface
The basic unit of
area in the metric area= 1m x 1m =
1m2
width 1 m

system is the
square meter (m), 1 m2 = 100 dm2 = 10 000 cm2 = 1 000 000 mm2
which is obtained by 0.01 m2 = 1 dm2 = 100 cm2 = 10 000 mm2
0.0001 m2 = 0.01 dm2 = 1 cm2 = 100 mm2
multiplying a length 0.000001 m2 = 0.0001 dm2 = 0.01 cm2 = 1 mm2

of 1 meter by a 1 km2 = 100 ha2 = 1 000 000 m2

width of 1 meter. 0.01 km2 = 1 ha2 = 10 000 m2
0.000001 km2 = 0.0001 ha2 = 1 m2
NOTE: 1 ha =100 m x 100 m = 10 000 m2
 SURFACE AREAS OF DETERMINATION OF
CANAL CROSS- THE SURFACE AREAS
SECTIONS AND FARMS OF CANAL CROSS-
SECTIONS
This Section explains how to apply
the surface area formulas to two
common practical problems that will The most common shape of a canal
often be met in the field. cross-section is a trapezium or, more
truly, an "up-sidedown" trapezium.
The area (A B C D), hatched on the above drawing, is called the canal cross-
section and has a trapezium shape. Thus, the formula to calculate its surface
is similar to the formula used to calculate the surface area of a trapezium:
Surface area of the canal cross-section
= 0.5 (base + top line) x canal depth = 0.5 (b + a) x h

base (b) = bottom width of the canal top line

(a) = top width of the canal canal depth
(h) = height of the canal (from the bottom of the
canal to the top of the embankment)
Given
Canal cross-section:
base (b) =1.25 m
top line (a) =3.75 m
canal depth (h) = 1.25 m

Answer
Formula:
A = 0.5 x (b + a) x h =
0.5 x (1.25 m + 3.75 m) x 1.25 m = 3.125 m
Canal wetted cross-section:
base (b) = 1.25 m
top line (a1) = 3.25 m
water depth (h1) =1.00 m

Formula:
A = 0.5 x (b + a1) x h = 0.5 x (1.25 m + 3.25 m) x
1.00 m = 2.25 m2
DETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE AREA OF A FARM

It may be necessary to determine the surface area of a

farmer's field. For example, when calculating how much
irrigation water should be given to a certain field, the size
of the field must be known.
When the shape of the field is regular and has, for
example, a rectangular shape, it should not be too difficult
to calculate the surface area once the length of the field
(that is the base of its regular shape) and the width of the
field have been measured.
EXAMPLE
Given
Length of the field =50 m
Width of the field = 30 m

Formula:
A = length x width = 50 m x 30 m =
1500 m2
Surface area of the square: As = length x width = 30 m x 30 m = 900 m2
Surface area of the rectangle: Ar = length x width = 50 m x 15 m = 750 m2
Surface area of the triangle: At = 0.5 x base x height = 0.5 x 20 m x 30 m = 300 m2

Total surface area of the field: A = As + Ar + At = 900 m2 + 750 m2 + 300 m2 =

1950 m2

THANK