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You belong with

me! 1
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 Which does not belong to the
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1 group?

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 Which does not belong to the
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1 group?

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 Which does not belong to the
group?
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 SETS AND VENN
DIAGRAM

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Prepared by:
Precious Kim P. Sambo
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able
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to:
a. Define and illustrate sets;

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b. Differentiate universal sets, subsets, empty sets,

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equal sets, and equivalent sets;
c. Perform operations of sets: union and intersection
of sets; and
d. Illustrate relationships of sets using Venn
diagrams.
 What is Set?
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• A set is a collection of

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objects.
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• Objects in the collection are
called elements of the set.
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0The collection of counting
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numbers is a set.

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The collection of pencils in your
briefcase is a set.
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Reminders!
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Sets can be defined in two

ways:
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Roster Method
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 The Roster Method of

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specifying a set consists of

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surrounding the collection of

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elements with braces.
 Example
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The set of counting numbers from 1 to 5

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would be written as:

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

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 Examples
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{1, 3, 5, 7, … , 9007}
is the set of odd counting numbers less

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than or equal to 9007.

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{1, 2, 3, … }
is the set of all counting
numbers.
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Rule Method
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 The Rule Method (Set builder)
notation has the general form
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{variable | descriptive statement }.
 Examples

{x | x < 6 and x is a counting number}

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{1,2,3,4,5}

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{x | x is an odd number less than 10}

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{1,3,5,7,9}
{x | x is a day in a week that starts
with T}
{Tuesday, Thursday}
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Different kinds of Set
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 Universal Set and Subsets
The Universal Set denoted by U is the set
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of all possible elements used in a problem.

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When every element of one set is also an

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element of another set, we say the first

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set is a SUBSET

Example A={1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B={2, 3}

The notation we use isB A.
 The Empty Set
The empty set is a special set. It contains no
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elements. It is usually denoted as { } or  .

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The empty set is always considered a

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subset of any set.

• Is this set {0} empty?

 Equivalent Set
If the number of elements is the same for
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two different sets, then they are called
equivalent sets.

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The order of sets does not matter here.

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It is represented as:
 n(A) = n(B)
where A and B are two different sets with
same number of elements.

Example: If A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {Red, Blue, Green, Black}

 Equal Set
The two sets A and B are said to be equal
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if they have exactly the same elements.

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The order of elements do not matter.

It is represented as:
 A=B

Example: A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {4,3,2,1}

 Union of sets
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0The elements of the union are in A or in B
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or in both. If elements are in both sets, we
do not repeat them.

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The union of two sets A, B is denoted by

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A U B.

Example A={1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and B={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

A U B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9}.
 Intersection of sets
When an element of a set belongs to two or
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more sets we say the sets will intersect.

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The intersection of a set A and a set B is

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denoted by A ∩ B.

Example A={1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and B={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

A ∩ B = {1, 3, 5}
 Complement of a Set
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The complement of set A is denoted by A’

or by AC.

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Example U={1,2,3,4,5}, A={1,2}
A’ = {3,4,5}
 2
Venn Diagram
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 Venn Diagrams
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0Were conceived in 1880 by John Venn
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It show all possible relations between a

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finite collection of sets, as well as logical

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relationships.

To draw a Venn diagram, you have to draw a

triangle (represents a universe) and a circle/s
(represents a distinct objects or elements).

Example: A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {4,3,2,1}

 Use the Venn diagram to determine
each of the following sets:
a. U
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1 U = { , ∆ , $, M, 5}
b. A A = { , ∆}

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c. The set of elements
{$, M, 5}

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in U that are not in
A.
Using the numbers 0, 1, 2, … , 9
illustrate the sets: and
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Solution: Use a Venn diagram

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Using the numbers 0, 1, 2, … , 9 illustrate
the sets: and
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A

4 is in BOTH sides
4 B
Using the numbers 0, 1, 2, … , 9 illustrate
the sets: and
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9
A B

7 and 9 are only in set A

Using the numbers 0, 1, 2, … , 9 illustrate
the sets: and
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A 5 B

1, 2, 3 and 5 are only in set B

Using the numbers 0, 1, 2, … , 9 illustrate
the sets: and
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8 A 5 B

0, 6 and 8 are not in A or B

Intersection: Members of both set A and set B

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A

4 B
Union: Members of set A or set B or both

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A

4 B
Complementary: Members not in the set

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A

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A’
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Universal Set: All members

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U
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Subset: All members of set A are in set B

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A
B
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The End
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