Magnetostatic

Arranged by:
Group 1
Lasma Enita Siahaan (4182121010)
Luni Karlina Manik (4182121021)
Nursyahadah (4182121007)
Raivita Jesica Nainggolan (4183121026)

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. MAGNETIC FIELD
2. MAGNETIC INDUCTION
3. BIOT-SAVART LAW
4. LORENTZ STYLE

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1. MAGNETIC FIELD

The magnetic field is usually represented by imaginary

lines called magnetic field lines or magnetic force lines.
These lines have a direction that exits the north pole of
the magnet and enters the south pole of the magnet as
shown in the image below.

N S

S N

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MAGNETIC FIELD

SPLEASE CLICK HERE

N

This figure shows how the magnetic field in a bar magnet

affects the compass needle.

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MAGNETIC FIELD

There are three rules for magnetic field lines, namely:

a. The magnetic field lines never intersect each other

(cross).

b. Magnetic field lines always come out from the north pole and
enter the south pole and form a closed curve.

c. If the magnetic field lines at a place are tight, then

the magnetic field at that place is strong, vice versa if the
magnetic field lines at a tenuous place, then the field
magnet in that place is weak.

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2. MAGNETIC
INDUCTION

Basically, the source of a

magnet is not only a
U U U permanent magnet, but it
can also be an
electromagnet, which is a
S S S magnet produced by an
electric current or moving
electric charges.

Results of the Oersted experiment

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3. THE LAW OF BIOT-SAVART

oI
BP 
2 r
Information:
B = magnetic induction (T)
P
o = vacuum permeability
(4 x 107 Wb / Am)
I = electric current (A)
r = the radius of the circle (m)

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BIOT-SAVART LAW

The magnetic induction at point O can be determined

by the following equation:
oI
BO 
O 2r
r
If there are N turns of a coiled
wire, the equation becomes.

Information:
oI
N = number of turns BO  N
r = wire radius (m)
2r

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BIOT-SAVART LAW

S
Meanwhile, the magnetic induction

at point S is as follows:
a

oIrsin

S
B 2
O r P 2a

Information:
a = distance between point p and point s
(m)
r = wire radius (m)
= angle between SP and SO
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MAGNETIC INDUCTION ON
SOLENOIDES
The magnetic induction in the middle
of the solenoid can be determined by
the following equation:

oi
B N
l
Source: www.societyofrobots.com

The magnetic induction at both ends

of the solenoid is as follows.
Information:
oi
i = electric current (A) B N
l = solenoid length (m)
2l
N = number of turns

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 MAGNETIC INDUCTION ON
TOROIDES
Magnetic induction on toroid can be
B determined by the following equation:

r
oI
B N
2r
Information:
r = toroid radius (m)
l = electric current (A)
N = number of turns
Source: http://rocky.digikey.com

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MAGNETIC INDUCTION

Example
What is the magnetic induction at a distance of 5 cm from the
center of a straight wire with a current of 3A?
Settlement
o = 4  x 107 Tm / o I
B
A 2 r
I = 3 A.
(4 107 Tm )(3A)
r = 5 cm = 0.05 m  A
2 (0,05 m)
B =…?
 1,2 105 T
So, the resulting magnetic induction is 1.2 x 105 T.

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LORENTZ STYLE

Lorentz force on a straight wire with an electric

current
If the wire is long l
electrified I is in
magnetic field B, then
the wire will
experience a Lorentz
S force or magnetic
N force whose direction
can be determined by
the right hand rule.

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LORENTZ STYLE

F
LB
I 
sin

Information:
FL= lorentz force (N)
B = magnetic induction (T)
Source:

The thumb represents the  = angle between B and I

direction of the electric current, I = electric current (A)
the direction of the radius
represents the direction of the l = wire length (m)
magnetic induction and the
palm facing the direction of the
Lorentz force.
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 LORENTZ STYLE

The Lorentz force on two parallel wires has an

electric current

OI1I2
1 2
I1 I2 I1 I2
F F 
2r
F1 F2 F1 F2 Information:
B2 X B1 X B2 B1 X
r = distance of the two
wires (m)
I = electric current (A)
r r l = wire length (m)

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LORENTZ STYLE

Lorentz force on moving charge

If an electric charge moves in a magnetic field, then the charge
will experience a Lorentz force whose magnitude can be
determined by the following equation:

FXL X X -XXXv F
LB
qv 
sin
B
XXX XXX Information:

XXX XXX B = magnetic induction (T)

v  = sudat between B and v
+X X X X X XB
FL q = electric charge (C)
XXX XXX
Positive charge Negative charge v = particle velocity (m / s)

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LORENTZ STYLE

If the direction v is parallel to the direction of magnetic

induction B, then the Lorentz force on the charged particle is
zero, so the particle moves straight, but if the direction v is
perpendicular to the magnetic induction B, then the Lorentz
force on the charged particle is FL = Bqv and follows the path
of the circle of radius R. So the magnitude of the Lorentz force
FL is equal to the centripetal force F.S.
F F Thus, Information:
L S

mv2 m v R = the radius of the track (m)

Bqv  R 
R q B m = mass of particles (kg)
q = the angular velocity of the
q B
  particle (rad / s)
B

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LORENTZ STYLE

Lorentz moment of force

If a conductor wire is in the form of a coil with cross-sectional
area A electrified in a magnetic field, the coil will experience a
Lorentz force moment.

Information:

NI
BA 
sin
 = moment force (Nm)
I = electric current in the coil (A)
B = magnetic induction (T)
A = area of ​the coil (m2)
 = angle between B and the coil plane

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LORENTZ STYLE

Example
A wire has a length of 2 meters with an electric current of 50 A. If
the wire is subjected to a magnetic force of 1.5 N in a magnetic field
similar to B = 0.03 T, then what is the angle between B and I?

Settlement FL  B I sin
FL = 1.5 N 1,5 N  (0,03T)(50A)(2m)sin
B = 0.03 T 1,5
sin   0,5
I = 50 A. 3
l=2m   sin1(0,5)
 =…?  30o
So, the angle between B and I is 30o.

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NATURE OF MATERIALS

Based on how the material reacts with me-and the magnet,

the magnetic materials are divided into diamagnetic
materials, paramagnetic materials and ferromagnetic
materials.

Diamagnetic materials are materials that are slightly

repelled by magnetic fields, for example gold, copper, etc.

Paramagnetic materials are materials that are attracted by a

very weak force in a magnetic field, for example aluminum,
magnesium, etc.

Ferromagnetic materials are materials that are pulled strongly

in a magnetic field.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Magnetic flux

 
N B

AB
cos
 A

Information:
 = magnetic flux (Wb)
B = magnetic induction (T)
A = surface area (m2)
 = angle between B and the normal line of the plane

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 ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
Faraday-Lenz's law


indN
t
Information:

Source: www.radioelectronicschool.net
ind = induced electromotive force (volts)
 = change in magnetic flux (Wb)
N = number of turns
t = time interval (s)

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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Example
A coil has 100 turns and within 0.01 s causes a change in magnetic
flux of 10-4 Wb, calculate the induced electromotive force at the
ends of the coils?
Settlement d
N = 100
 ind  N
dt
d = 10-4 Wb  104 Wb 
dt = 0.01 s
 100 
 0,01 s 
ind = ……?
 1 volt
So, the induced electromotive force at the
ends of the coil is 1 volt.

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ELECTRIC GENERATOR



NA
B 
cos
indt

Information:
N = number of turns
B = magnetic induction (T)
Source:
A = area of ​the coil (m2)
 = angular velocity (rad / s)
t = time (s)

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ELECTRIC GENERATOR

AC generator scheme

2
1

5 3
4 Source: http://www.ncert.nic.in/html

1. a ring
2. a coil
3. outer circuit
4. brush
5. Outer rotor

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ELECTRIC GENERATOR

DC generator
schematic

1. brush
2. protective
3. commutator

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INDUCTION

The value of the self-induced electromotive force that occurs

in the circuit or coil depends on the rate of change in the
current.

I
i L
t
Information:
ind = self-induced electromotive force (volts)
I = change in electric current (A)
L = inductance
t = time interval (s)

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INDUCTION

Example
A coil has an inductance of 5 H and a resistor that has a resistance
of 20 W. Both are mounted on a 100 volt voltage source. Calculate
the energy stored in the coil if the current reaches the maximum
value?
Settlement Arus maksimum
 = 100  100 volt
volts I    5A
R 20 
R = 20 
sehingga
L=5H 1 1
W  L I  (5 H )( 5 A) 2
2

W =….? 2 2
 63 J
So, the energy stored in the coil is 63 J
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TRANSFORMER

Information:
Vp = primary voltage (volts) Ip = primary electric current (A)

Vs = secondary voltage (volts) Is = secondary electric current (A)

Np = number of primary turns

Ns = number of secondary winding

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TRANSFORMER

Transformer efficiency

P
 1 x100
%
P2
Information :
 = transformer
P1 = primary power (watts)
P2 = secondary power (watts)

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PRACTICE

1. One of the poles of a magnet is moved into a coil. The direction

of the induced current that arises in the coil is
counterclockwise.
a. what poles are inserted?
b. what is the direction of the induced current if the magnet is
pulled out?
2. Explain the working principle of a generator and what is the
difference between an alternating current generator and a direct
current generator?
8 4H
3. In the circuit shown below, what
is the time constant for the circuit
and the energy stored in the
24 volts inductor, when the current
S reaches its maximum value?

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