POINT MEASURES

ORGANIZING DATA USING:

• PERCENTILES
• QUARTILES
• DECILES
• PERCENTILES- is a measure used to indicate the value below
which a given percentage of observations fall.
• Let us call this P=%
• Example: (100-P)%.
The 90 percentile is the value below with 90% of observations
may be found.
• PERCENTAGES:
• Data Set: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• How many numbers are given?
• Percentage= # meeting Characteristics of interest *100
total number of observations

Percentage=2/5* 100 = 40%

PERCENTILE
• A value below which a certain percentage of observations lie.
• Data set:
- 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12
- What is the percentile ranking of “10”?
- Percentile rank of x= # of value below * 100
n
Percentile rank of ‘10’ = 16/20 * 100 = 80%
Data set
2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12
• What Value Exist at the percentile ranking of 25%?
Value # = percentile (n+1)
100
Value # = 25 (20 + 1) = 5.25
100
There is no “5.25th”, so I take the average of the 5th & 6th values to find what
value exist at the 25th percentile.
5+5=5
2
QUARTILES
• It divides a sorted data set into 4 equal parts, so that
each part represents ¼ of the data set.

Lower Quartile(Q1) Median(Q2) Upper Quartile(Q30

QUARTILES

Q1 Q2 Q3

25% 25% 25% 25%

Interquartile Range
= Q3 – Q1
FINDING MEDIAN, Q1, Q2 in a
short cut way:
• DATA SET: 2, 8, 5, 3, 10, 6, 7, 9, 1
• ARRANGED ORDER: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

1, 2, 3, 5 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Q1 MEDIAN Q3
= 2+3 = 2.5 = 8+9 = 8.5
2 2
Raw or Ungrouped data:
• First arrange the given data in the increasing order and use the formula for Q1
and Q3 them quartile deviation. Q.D is given by:
Q.D = Q3-Q1
2
Where: Q1 (n+1)th item and Q3=(n+1)th item
4 4
Compute quartiles for the data given:
25, 18, 30, 8, 15, 5, 10, 35, 40, 45
• Arrange data: 5, 8,10, 15, 18, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45
• Q1 = (n+1)th item
4
= (10+1)th item
4
= (2.27)th item
= 2nd item + (3/4) (3rd item – 2nd item)
= 8+3/4 (10-8)
= 8+3/4 x 2
=8+1.5
=9.5
Arrange data:
5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45
• Q3 = 3 (n+1)th item
4
= (10+1) th item
4
=3x(2.75)th item
=(8.25)th item
= 8th item + ¼ (9th item – 8th item)
= 35 + ¼ (40-35)
= 35 + 1.25 = 36.25
= 36.25
QUARTILE DEVIATION
• Q.D = Q3-Q1 = ____
2
• Q.D = 36.25 – 9.5
2
= 13.37
DECILES
• The value which divide an array into ten equal parts are called deciles. The
first, second,…… ninth deciles by respectively. The fifth decile (correspond to
median. The second, fourth, sixth and eight deciles which collectively divide
the data into five equal parts are called quantiles.
Deciles for Ungrouped Data:
• Deciles for ungrouped data will be calculated from the following formulae;

D1 = value of (n+1)th item

10
D2 = value of 2(n+1)th item
10
D9 = Value of 9(n+1)th item
10
• For Example:
We will calculate second, third and seventh deciles from
the following array of data.
20 28 29 30 36 37 39 42 53 54
55 58 61 67 68 70 74 81 82 93
 20 28 29 30 36 37 39 42 53 54
55 58 61 67 68 70 74 81 82 93
D2 = Value of 2(n+1)th item
10
= 2(20+1)th item
10
= 4.2th item from below
The value of th 4th item is 30 and that of the 5th item is 36. Thus the second
decile is a value 0.2th of the way between 30 and 36. The fifth decile will be 30
+ 6(0.2)= 31.2
Therefore, = 31.2
 20 28 29 30 36 37 39 42 53 54
55 58 61 67 68 70 74 81 82 93
D3 = Value of 3(n+1)th item
10
= 3(20+1)th item
10
= 6.3th item from below
The value of th 6th item is 37 and that of the 7th item is 39. Thus
the third decile is 0.3th of the way between 37 and 39. The third
decile will be 37+ 2(0.3)= 37.6. Hence, D3=37.6
 20 28 29 30 36 37 39 42 53 54
55 58 61 67 68 70 74 81 82 93
D7 = Value of 7(n+1)th item
10
= 7(20+1)th item
10
= 14.7th item from below
The value of th 14th item is 67 and that of the 15th item is 68. Thus
the 7th decile is 0.7th of the way between 67 and 68, which will be
as 67 + 1(0.7) = 67.7. Therefore, D7=67.7
So if you want to organize your data by the use of
(percentiles, quartiles, deciles) just remember the following
equations:
• Percentile rank of x = # of values below * 100
n
Q.D = Q3-Q1
2
*Where: Q1 (n+1)th item and Q3 = (n+1)th item
4 4
*D1 = value of (n+1)th item
10
Prepared by:

Famela A. Manalo Erick P. Santillan

JHST-I T-I