Numerical data analysis

1) Sample is not
normally distributed
2) Small sample size
Parametric tests Non parametric tests
(n< 30)

Samples
Independent sample t-test 2 independent Mann-Whitney
samples
(unpaired
measures)
Paired sample t-test 2 related samples Wilcoxon or sign-rank test
(dependent)
ANOVA > 2 independent Kruskall-Wallis test
samples
PARAMETRIC TEST
1- independent t-test
2- dependent/ paired t-test
3- one-way ANOVA
2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

1- Objective: to compare the mean of Food Impact (FI) score in male n female
students

2- Check assumptions
a) Numerical data √
b) Random samples √
c) Independent measures (not related) √
d) Normally distributed samples √
e) Equal variances assumed (Levene’s test p> 0.05; not significant) √

3- Perform test: Independent t-test

4- Result: Male Female Mean difference t-statistic P-value
Variable mean (s.d) mean (s.d) (95%CI) (df)

FI score 3.03 (0.77) 2.84 (0.52) 0.19 (-0.52, 0.90) 0.57 (15) 0.575

5- Interpretation & conclusion

•P-value > 0.05
• Therefore, there is no significant different in FI score in male and female students
2 RELATED SAMPLES

1- Objective: to compare the mean of Food Impact (FI) score before and after
intervention

2- Check assumptions
a) Numerical data √
b) Random samples √
c) Dependent measures or paired √

3- Perform test: Dependent /paired t-test

4- Result:
Variable Pre-intervention FI Post-intervention Mean difference t-statistic P-value
score FI score (95%CI) (df)
Mean (s.d) Mean (s.d)

FI score 2.92 (0.45) 2.88 (0.57) -0.039 (-0.33, 0.25) -0.285 0.779
(16)

5- Interpretation & conclusion

•P-value > 0.05
• Therefore, there is no significant different in FI score before and after intervention
>2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

1- Objective: to compare the mean of Food Impact (FI) score according to BMI group
2- Check assumptions
a) Numerical data √
b) Random samples √
c) Independent measures (not related) √
d) In each group, observations are normally distributed √
e) Equal variances assumed (Levene’s test p> 0.05; not significant) √

3- Perform test: One-way ANOVA

4- Result:
Variable n FI score F stat (df) P-value
Mean (SD)
BMI 0.810
Underwt 2 2.67 (1.26) 0.214 (2;14)
Normal 13 2.89 (0.51)
Overwt 2 3.01 (0.55)

5- Interpretation & conclusion

•P-value > 0.05
• Therefore, there is no significant different in FI score among 3 BMI groups
NON-PARAMETRIC TEST
1- Mann-Whitney test
2- Wilcoxon sign rank test
3-Kruskall-Wallis test
2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

1- Objective: to compare the median of Food Impact (FI) score in male n female
students

2- Perform test: Mann-Whitney test

3- Result:
Variable Male Female Median Z stat a P-value
Median (iqr) (iqr)

FI score 2.83 (1.42) 2.84 (0.78) -0.057 0.955

a
Mann-Whitney test

4- Interpretation & conclusion

•P-value > 0.05
• Therefore, there is no significant different in FI score in male and female students
2 DEPENDENT SAMPLES

1- Objective: to compare the median of Food Impact (FI) score before and after
intervention

2- Perform test: Wilcoxon sign rank test

3- Result:
Variable Pre-intervention Post-intervention Z stat b P-value
Median (iqr) Median (iqr)

FI score

b
Wilcoxon sign-rank test

4- Interpretation & conclusion

•P-value > 0.05
• Therefore, there is no significant different in FI score before and after intervention
2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

1- Objective: to compare the median of Food Impact (FI) score in male n female
students

2- Perform test: Kruskall-Wallis test

3- Result:
Variable n FI score X2 stat (df) P-value
Median (iqr)
BMI
•Underwt 2 2.67 (1.26)
•Normal 13 2.89 (0.51) 0.214 (2;14) 0.810
•Overwt 2 3.01 (0.55)

4- Interpretation & conclusion

•P-value > 0.05
• Therefore, there is no significant different in FI score in male and female students
 Categorical data analysis

1 proportion 2 proportion (independent samples)

Chi square Pearson Chi-

Godness of Fit squre / Fisher’s
Exact test
1- Objective: to determine the association between gender and supplement intake

2- Check assumptions
a) Categorical data √
b) Independent measures (not related) √
c) Expected count of <5 is not more than 20% of the cells √

3- Perform test: Chi-square test

4- Result:
Taking Not taking Chi-square (df) P-value
Variable supplement supplement
(n=) (n=)
No (%) No (%)

Gender
•Male
•female

5- Interpretation & conclusion

•P-value > 0.05
• Therefore, there is no significant association between gender and supplement intake