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Unit 1 Review of Probability and Basic Statistics
Unit 1 Review of Probability and Basic Statistics
8 10 0.333
9 12 0.4
10 6 0.2
11 2 0.067
Total 30 1.000
Q2.Your professor tells you that if you score an 85 or
better on your midterm exam, then you have a 90%
chance of getting an A for the course. You think you
have only a 50% chance of scoring 85 or better. Find
the probability that both your score is 85 or better and
you receive an A in the course.
Solution:
P(A and 85) = P(A │85) * P(85) = (0.90)(0.50)
= 45%
Q3.A statistics class was asked if it believed that all
tests on the Monday following the football game
win over their archrival should be postponed
automatically. The results were as follows:
Strongly agree 40,Agree 30,Neutral 20,Disagree
10,Strongly disagree 0.Transform this into a
numeric score, using the following random variable
scale, and find a probability distribution for the
results: Strongly agree 5,Agree 4,Neutral 3,Disagree
2,Strongly disagree 1
Compute the expected value, the variance and standard
deviation for the random variable X.
• Solution
OUTCOME PROBABILITY, P (X)
E(X) = 4 , variance = 1,
standard deviation = 1
Bayes’ Theorem
• It is used to incorporate additional information as it is
made available and help create revised or posterior
probabilities.
• In simple words we can take new or recent data and
then revise and improve upon our old probability
estimates for an event.
Bayes’ Theorem
Bayes’ Theorem
Example 1
Example 1....
Example 2
Example 2....
Example 2....
Example 2.....
Random Variable
Solution:
We use the binomial distribution with n= 5,p
=0.6 and r = 3;
P(exactly 3 successes in 5 trials) = 5C3 (0.6)3(0.4)2
= 0.3456
Example 9
Poisson distribution
• An important discrete probability distribution.
• It may be obtained as a limiting case of Binomial probability distribution
under following conditions.
n, the number of trials are indefinitely large i.e. n→∞
p, the constant probability of success for each trial is indefinitely small i.e.
p →0
n.p = m or λ (let) is finite
Example 10- 13
6. The total area under the curve for any continuous distribution
must equal
a. 1.
b. 0.
c. 0.5.
d. none of the above.
7.Probabilities for all the possible values of a discrete random
variable
a. may be greater than 1.
b. may be negative on some occasions.
c. must sum to 1.
d. are represented by area underneath the curve.
10. If P(A) = 0.4 and P(B) = 0.5and P(A and B) = 0.2 then P( A or
B) =
a. 0.7.
b. 0.9.
c. 1.1.
d. 0.2.
e. none of the above.
11.In a standard normal distribution, the mean is equal to
a. 1.
b. 0.
c. the variance.
d. the standard deviation.