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Chapter 4 Mechanism of Human Behavior
Chapter 4 Mechanism of Human Behavior
Chapter 4 Mechanism of Human Behavior
MECHANISM OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR
Mechanism of Human Behavior
There are three mechanisms of human behavior that help the
individual to respond and interact to the environment. These are the
receiving mechanisms or receptors, the connecting mechanisms or the
connectors and the reacting mechanisms or reactors.
•Proprioceptors: are situated in the lining of the tendons, muscles and joints.
The nerve linings w/c are connected with the nerve
pathways to the brain make the muscles feel the sensations.
• The Eyes:
- The human eye is an organ which reacts to light from several purpose.
- The eyes give sense of vision which allows one to see the world
•Rods:
-Are long and cylindrical.
•Cones:
-Are short, thick and tapered.
- Are responsible for daylight vision
and
colors.
•Fovea centralis:
-Is the center of the retina which is the point
of the clearest vision in the daylight.
- Is a very sensitive region of the retina.
•Optic nerve:
-Is a bundle of
ganglion axons
at the back
of the eyeball.
- It carries
•Blind visual information to the brain.
spot:
-As the optic nerve leaves the retina,
there are neither rods nor cones.
•Optic nerve:
- The optic nerves coming from each eye splits at
the optic chasm.
-Myopia or Nearsightedness:
-Hyperopia or farsightedness:
-Astigmatism:
-Cross-eye:
Fruity smell
Pepperminty
Resinous
Smoky or scorched
Putrid stink
TASTE RECEPTORS AND GUSTATORY
SENSATION
The receptor cell for taste are located in the
TASTE
BUDS which are distributed across the tongue.
There are tiny hair cell within the taste buds. These
hair cells are connected to a nerve that reacts when
taste stimuli cut in the taste pores. The taste is
sensitive to taste. This means that solid food may
be tasted only when it has become dissolved whole
or partly by saliva.
4 TASTE QUALITIES
1. Sweet
2. Sour
3. Bitter
4. Salty
• Spicy, Umami
• ** Fats
Hypogeuia – loss of taste which is accompanied by
the loss of smell or anosmia.
Central NS Peripheral NS
(The body's master control unit) (The body's link to the outside world)
I 1 I l
Brain 1'heAulonomic NS
Spinal The Somatic NS
Brain Divided int o
Regulates involuntary
Carriessensory
Cord stem three majo
three major bodily processes,
infonnation from
Acolumnof Connects induding heart rate,
parts; respiration,digcstion sensory CNS
organs lo the
nerves the • the hindb rain
between the and pupil contraction;
brain lo (lower part ain
(lower part) (movement) commands
and relays motor to
brain and operates automatically
the • the midbra.in
peripheral spinalrord without conscious
• the forebr direction voluntary
muscles;movements
rontrols
nervous
system I
I I
Sympathetic NS Prepares the
Par.asympathetk NS
body foraction and stress. This
calms the body and helps the
iscalled •fight or flight"
body to rooserve energy
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
The CNS is made up of brain and spinal cord.
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain – located at the front part of the brain. This
consists of the cerebrum, cerebral cortex, thalamus
and hypothalamus.
The cerebrum is the largest of the brain mass. Its
principal part is the cerebral cortex which is seated of
higher mental process, abstract reasoning, planning and
higher mental process.
The thalamus is the receiver of information from the
senses and relay this information to the cerebral cortex
for processing. It is also responsible for the wakefulness
and sleep.
Hypothalamus serves as the integrating center of many
kind of physiological activities such as eating, sex, etc. it
is also involves emotional responses and homeostasis.
Midbrain – this part serves as the connecting link
between the hindbrain and the forebrain. It connects
the sensory motor pathways between the lower and the
upper portion of the nervous system.
Island of Langerhans
IoL are small bodies floating in the pancreas. It
secretes hormone called insulin which are directly
responsible in controlling sugar amount in the blood.
Gonads
Gonads are sex glands. Male – Testosterone promotes
male sex secondary characteristics that make the male look
like masculine. Female – Estrogen and Progesterone