U19ME204 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

Unit 2 Fluid kinematics & Dynamics

Equipotential line
Flow net
Fluid dynamics
Equation of motion
Energies in flowing fluid
Momentum Equation or Euler’s Equation
along streamline
Energy Equation or Bernoulli’s Equation
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 Flow Net
A grid obtained by
drawing a series of
equipotential line and
stream lines is called a
flow net.
The flow net is an
important tool in
analyzing two-
dimensional irrotational
flow problems.

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 Methods of Drawing Flow nets
Analytical Method or Mathematical analysis
The equations corresponding to the streamlines and velocity potential lines
are first obtained and they are plotted to give the floe net pattern for the
floe of fluid between the given boundary shape. Applied for simple and
ideal boundary conditions problems.
Graphical method
The stream and equipotential lines are drawn first. These two lines are cut
orthogonally and form curvilinear squares and thus, the flow net are
obtained. It is less time consuming and it requires a lot of erasing to get a
proper shape of the flow net
Hydraulic method
Seepage model or heleshaw apparatus is used to trace the streamlines. Then,
the flow net is completed by drawing equipotential lines over streamlines.

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 Uses & Limitations of flow net
 Streamlines &  The analysis cant be applied in

equipotential lines are the region close to the boundary

determined
 To determine the quantity  For the flownet obtained
of seepage and upward lift
pressure below the
hydraulic structure
since the efforts of viscosity are
predominant in this region
overflow past the solid body,
fairly accurate results are
obtained only for upstream of
the solid body. It can give less
accurate results at the rear body
because of separation and
eddies

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 Fluid Dynamics
The science which deals with the geometry of motion
of fluids without reference to the forces causing the
motion is known as hydro kinematics or simply
kinematics.
The science deals the action of forces in producing or
changing motion of fluids is known as hydrokinetics or
simply kinetics.
If the science deals both kinematics and kinetics, it is
known as fluid dynamics.

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 Equation of Motion

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 Equation of Motion

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 Energies (or Heads) in Flowing
Fluid

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 Energies (or Heads) in Flowing
Fluid

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 Energies (or Heads) in Flowing
Fluid

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 Energies (or Heads) in Flowing
Fluid

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 Momentum Equation or Euler’s Equation along a
streamline

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 Questions ?

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