CURRICULUM

PREPARED BY: REGLYN MAE

YLANAN

IMPLEMENTATIO
 Learning outcomes:

• Define Curriculum Implementation

• 3 Elements of Curriculum
Implementation
• Curriculum Implementation Models
 It is one of the most crucial processes in
curriculum development although many
education planners would say:

“A GOOD PLAN IS WORK

HALF DONE!”
 CURRICULUM
IMPLEMENTATIO
 Curriculum implementation
means putting into practice
the written curriculum that has
been designed in syllabi,
course of study, curricular
guides and subjects.
 It is a process wherein the
learners acquire the planned or
intended knowledge, skills
attitudes that are aimed at
enabling the same learners to
function effectively in the society.
ORNSTEIN AND HUNKINS (1998)

As the interaction between the

curriculum that has been
written and planned and the
person who are in charged to
deliver it.
LOUCKS AND LIEBERMAN (1983)
• The trying out of a new practice and what it
looks like when actually used in a school
system.
• Implementing means using the plan as a
guide to engage with the learners in the
teaching learning process with the end in
view that learning has occurred and learning
outcomes have been achieved.
 Learning outcomes:

• Define Curriculum Implementation

• 3 Elements of Curriculum
Implementation
• Curriculum Implementation Models
 3 ELEMENTS OF
CURRICULUM
IMPLEMENTATION
• Developmental
• Participatory
• Supportive
 DEVELOPMENTAL
should develop multi perspective
and make learning autonomous.
There should be teacher support in
trying new task, reflection on the
new changes and challenges.
 PARTICIPATORY
For curriculum implementation to
succeed, other stakeholders like peers,
school, leader, parents, and curriculum
specialist are necessary.
 SUPPORTIVE
Curriculum implementation is required in
the process of change. Materials support
like supplies, equipment like classroom,
laboratory should be available.
 Learning outcomes:

• Define Curriculum Implementation

• 3 Elements of Curriculum
Implementation
• Curriculum Implementation Models
Curriculum Implementation
Models
ORC Model

LOC Model

Linkage Model

RCA Model
 ORC MODEL
The letters 'ORC' stands for
'Overcoming Resistance to Change'.
This model rests on the assumption that
the success or otherwise of curriculum
implementation primarily depends on
the impact the developer can make on
the consumers, i.e., teachers, students
and the society in general.
The ORC model focuses on change from the
perspective of the teacher. In this model, there
are four stages as listed below.

Unrelated concerns

Personal concerns

Task-related concerns

Impact-related concerns
 LOC MODEL
Leadership-Obstacle Course

This model treats staff resistance to change as problematic

and proposes that we should collect data to determine the
extent and nature of the resistance. We can do this by
making sure that the following five conditions exist:
• the organisational members must have a clear
understanding of the proposed innovation;
• individuals within the organisation must be given relevant
skills so that they possess the capabilities requisite for
carrying out the innovation;
• the necessary materials and equipment for the innovation
must be furnished;
• if need be, the organisational structure must be modified so
that it is compatible with the innovation being suggested;
• the participants in the innovation must be motivated to
spend the required time and effort to make the innovation a
success.
 Linkage MODEL
The 'linkage' model recognises that there are
innovators in research and development centres,
universities, etc. Educators in the field, however, find
some of their attempts at innovations that are
inappropriate for solving the problems. What is
therefore needed is a match between the problems
and innovations-the establishment of linkages.
 RCA MODEL
The Rand Change Agent (RCA) model suggests
that organisational dynamics seem to be the chief
barriers to change. The Rand Model is based on
the assumption that the success of the
implementation of new program depends on:
A. The characteristics of the proposed
change
B. Competencies of the teaching and
administrative staff
C. The support of the local community
D. The School organizational structure
3 STAGES OF RCA MODEL

Initiation

Implementation

Incorporation
 Learning outcomes:

• Define Curriculum Implementation

• 3 Elements of Curriculum
Implementation
• Curriculum Implementation Models