Perpindahan Kalor dan

Massa

Kelompok 19 : Chapter 9
1. Felix Theo Yusama ( 03051281722046 )
2. Suproyadi ( 03051181823018 )
THERMAL RADIATION
When a body is placed in an enclosure whose walls are at a temperature below that of
the body, the temperature of the body will decrease even if the enclosure is evacuated
The process by which heat is transferred from a body by virtue of its temperature,
without the aid of any intervening medium, is called thermal radiation.
Blackbody Laws

Blackbody laws

Radiation Functions and Band Emission

Intensity of Radiation

Relation Between Intensity and Emissive Power

Irradiation
Radiation Properties

Radiation Properties

Monochromatic Radiation Properties and Kirchhoff’s Law

Graybodies

Real Surface Characteristics

The Radiation Shape Factor

Shape-Factor Algebra
Enclosures with Black Surfaces
Enclosures with Gray Surfaces
Matrix Inversion

Enclosures with
Gray Surfaces

Enclosure with
Nongray Surfaces

Enclosures with
Absorbing and
Transmitting
Media
Radiation Properties of Gases and Vapors
Elementary gases such as O2, N2, H2, and dry air have a
symmetrical molecular structure and neither emit nor absorb
radiation unless they are heated to such extremely high temperatures
that they become ionized plasmas and electronic energy
transformations occur. On the other hand, gases that have polar
molecules with an electronic moment such as a dipole or quadrupole
absorb and emit radiation in limited spectral ranges called bands
Radiation Combined with Convection and
Conduction
Energy exchange by radiation is the predominant heat-
flow mechanism at high temperatures because the rate of
heat flow depends on the fourth power
Closing Remarks
Real surfaces differ from black surfaces by virtue of their surface
characteristics. Real surfaces always absorb and emit less radiation than black
surfaces at the same temperature. Their surface characteristics can often be
approximated by graybodies that emit and absorb a given fraction of blackbody
radiation over the entire wavelength spectrum. Radiation heat transfer between
real surfaces can be analyzed by assuming that the surfaces are gray or by
using gray band approximations.