WASTE TO ENERGY

ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY OF IMC, INDORE

IN SUCCESSFULLY MANAGING MSW OF
INDORE CITY

BY : HITENDRA KUMAR SONKAR (17CE01043)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO INDORE : EXISTING SITUATION OF SWM IN INDORE QUANTITY OF SOLID
WASTE
2.0 OBJECTIVES & FOCUS AREA
3.0 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (ISWMP)
4.0 STORAGE AND COLLECTION OF MSW
5.0 MSW DISPOSALS AND TREATMENT
6.0 BIOMETHANATION PLANT FOR WHOLESALE VEGETABLE AND FRUIT MARKET
7.0 PLASTIC WASTE COLLECTION CENTRE
8.0 OPEN DEFECATION CITY
9.0 WASTE GENERATION IN INDORE BY 2021
10.0 ROLE OF COMMUNITY, MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, NGO IN SWM
11.0 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION TO INDORE : EXISTING SITUATION OF SWM IN
INDORE QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE

->Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar
Palika Nigam Adhniyam.
->According to 2011 census,
• Population=1,960,631(Decadal growth rate = 24.77%)
• Area = 130.17 sq.km. • Population Density = 15062
• Literacy Rate = 87.38% • Sex ratio = 921 • Total no. of Households =435018
• Household Density = 4.5
Existing situation of SWM in Indore (Quantity of Solid Waste) ->
->No facility of RCC Bins and Trolleys.
->No segregated storage facility, but segregated manually and transported to treatment plant.
->Lack of availability of Bins Segregation of waste by Rag pickers SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN INDORE.
->Per capita generation rate of MSW=0.321kg/capita/day
OBJECTIVES & FOCUS AREAS

OBJECTIVES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDORE :-

• To understand the current scenario of waste generation and its handling in Indore. *Bin Free
• To find the issues with the current SWM system. **Litter Free
• To forecast the waste generated in 2031 and suggestions for addressing it. *** Dust Free

Indore’s pan city development will be focused on the following areas :-

• Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)
• Intelligent Solid waste management (ISWM)
• Backbone communication network, central command & control center for multi-purpose use with dashboard for real time data
analysis and information dissemination.
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (ISWMP)

Transfer of waste
Door-to-Door Primary transportation
into Long
Collection of waste to sub stations.
haulage Vehicles.

Disposal of Secondary
remnants in SLF Transportation
Recover of Power generation
of waste from
resources like from RDF.
transfer station
Compost, Fuel, to project sites.
Plastic
Derivatives,
Metal, Glass, Eco-
brick, etc.
STORAGE AND COLLECTION OF MSW
->The waste is collected in segregated form
by partitioned tippers from domestic
generators(produces<25kg waste/day) 

->The wet and dry waste is collected by these

vehicles in separate chambers. The domestic
hazardous waste is collected in a separate bin
that is attached at the back of the tipper.
EFFECTIVE D2D WASTE
COLLECTION.
->Bulk generators(>50kg waste/day)
segregate the waste as wet waste and dry
waste. Only dry waste is collected from these
generators as they treat the wet waste
generated by them onsite(MANDATE BY
GOVT.).

-> Semi-bulk generators(50-100kg waste

/day) ,both wet and dry waste is collected in
segregated form by dumpers.
MSW DISPOSALS AND TREATMENT
***Incineration ->Burning of organic matter
present in the MSW.
Reduces waste from 80 to 85% by weight and from
90 to 96% by volume.
Produce 2/3 MWh of electricity/ton of MSW.
High plant installation and operation costs.
***Engineered Landfill -> Engineered landfill
allows the safe disposal of residual MSW on land,
but protects ground and surface water from
pollution and avoids air emissions, wind-blown
litter, odour, fire hazards, problems with animals,
birds and other pests/rodents, and reduces
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and slope
instability issues. Properly managed engineered
landfills should replace dumps in India. This would
significantly reduce the environmental impact of
waste.
***Composting -> Pile of wet organic matter
be known as green waste and that the material
decomposes into humus after a period of a few
weeks or months. Compost is rich in nutrients. It is
used in gardens, land spacing, horticulture and
agriculture .
***Recycling -> It is a process of converting
waste into new products. Recyclable materials
include many types of glass, paper, metal, plastic,
electronics and textiles. Recycling is a key element
of modern waste reduction.
***Landfill ->The waste is poured into the soil
by weight in a uniform manner. After the spill, the
debris is covered with a layer of soil after each day .
Methane produced from waste, which is a
greenhouse gas, is a major threat to the environment
and is highly flammable and explosive. This
disposal of waste can not be reused, recycled or
recovered. The aim is to avoid contact between the
waste and environment
***Gasification -> Organic substance containing
carbonaceous material becomes CO. This is done at
a temperature (> 700 ° C) without combustion, with
a controlled amount. The product of this process is
the synthesis or the production gas. Synthesis gas is
a renewable energy source. The merit of gasification
over combustion is that the synthesis gas produced
in gasification is more efficient. Synthetic gas is
widely used to produce electricity
BIOMETHANATION PLANT FOR WHOLESALE VEGETABLE
AND FRUIT MARKET

*Choitram Mandi is known to be the largest mandi in Central India .

*IMC under its policy of promoting decentralized treatment of organic waste
established Bio-methnation plant (Bio-CNG Plant) of 20 MTPD capacity.
*Presently all the fruit and vegetable waste generated at Choithram Mandi is
being collected and processed in the Bio CNG plant.
*Approximately 800 kg of purified and compressed Bio CNG having 95% pure
Methane gas is generated on daily basis. The pressurized Bio-CNG gas is used
as a fuel to operate approximately 15 city buses.

BIOMETHANATION PLANT IN INDORE

(MP)
PLASTIC WASTE COLLECTION CENTRE

**Plastic waste collected with the help of NGO Sarthak & Basix at plastic waste
collection centre is disposed off by two different methods:
(i) Sold to cement plant at Neemuch
(ii) Sold and used by M.P. Rural Road Development Board for construction of roads. Ten
roads have been constructed with in Municipal Corporation by using plastic waste.

PLASTIC WASTE COLLECTION CENTRE

OPEN DEFECATION CITY
• Open defecation refers to the practice whereby people go out in fields, bushes, forests, open bodies of water, or other open spaces rather than
using the toilet to defecate. Dedicated ODF triggering and monitoring activities by 6 NGOs and 400 officials of the IMC.

• 12343 IHHL have been constructed.

• 128 Community toilets have been constructed.

• 189 Public toilets have been constructed.

• 17 mobile toilets have been developed by IMC for use at open area functions and events such as marriages, political gathering, marathons
etc. This modular toilet have been available for the citizen of Indore on chargeable.
WASTE GENERATION IN INDORE BY 2021

->The waste is forecasted by the linearly increasing the graph and it is found that by
2021, 1400 MT/day waste will be generated, which is nearly double the amount
produced in 2011.
->There will be a rapid increase in hazardous waste produced in the City. The
composting of waste requires large amount of waste and there is a possibility of
formation of leachate.
-> Incineration, the other technology adopted Expensive technology, waste criteria must
have low moisture content and high calorific value, which is not found in Indian Waste.
 -> It is advisable to adopt multiple technologies such as Biomethanation for pre-
segregated Homogenous Biodegradable waste. Incineration for toxic waste and
addressing the issue of Dioxin formation.

FORECASTED WASTE GENERATED IN 2021 BY

INDORE PLASTIC
ROLE OF COMMUNITY, MUNICIPAL CORPORATION,
NGO IN SWM
**Community/Citizens Role -> PLASTIC WASTE COLLECTION CENTRE

• 1) To segregate the Dry waste and wet waste.

• 2) To Reduce, Reuse and Recycle the waste.

• 3) To stop throwing waste into drainage lines as it not designed for solid waste.

**Municipal Corporations Role ->

• 1) To provide and maintain necessary infrastructure for waste management, if required through PPP projects.

• 2) To design innovative Waste management system which is sustainable and economically beneficial.

• 3) Provision of health gears to safai karamcharis.

• 4) Regular monitoring and field visits of the officers.

**NGO/CBO’s Role ->

• 1) Public awareness of the situation of waste management.

• 2) Ensure and monitor the situation in the city.

CONCLUSION
• Population growth and particularly the development of megacities is making SWM in India a major problem. The
current situation is that India relies on inadequate waste infrastructure, the informal sector and waste dumping. There are
major issues associated with public participation in waste management and there is generally a lack of responsibility
towards waste in the community. There is a need to cultivate community awareness and change the attitude of people
towards waste .
• In 2019, of 100 cities with a population of over 100,000, Indore ranked first. The runner up was Bhopal, the capital of
Madhya Pradesh, followed by Chandigarh and New Delhi.
• The determination and type of MSW and the treatment with the respective method is the best way to manage the MSW,
so it does not create pollution and damages our society. Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) generally uses landfill and
composting methods for the treatment of MSW. IMC can also use different treatments such as gasification technology
for MSW treatment because it is a renewable energy source for electricity production. As the population grows rapidly
as urbanization accelerates, the generation of MSW also increases.