RECOMBINANT

DNA
TECHNOLOGY
GENETIC ENGINEERING

 Is
a process of making changes
on the genetic code of an
organism.
DNA RECOMBINATION

 Is
a process of modifying the
genes of organisms for practical
way purposes.
BRIEF HISTORY OF
RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY
 In the late 1960s, Stewart Linn and Werrer
Arber discovered restriction enzymes in E.
coli, which are known as Endonucleases.
 In 1973, when Herbert Boyer and Stanley
Cohen performed a successful set of
experiment.
TECHNOLOGIES
AND TOOLS USED IN
RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
 Isa method used to separate DNA
fragments based on their size. In
this method, a mixture of DNA
fragments placed at one end of
porous gel, and an electric voltage
is applied to the gel.
PROCESS USED IN
RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY
 There are three method by
which recombinant DNA is
made. These are transformation,
vectorless gene transfer, and
transduction.
TRANSFORMATION USING A
VECTOR
 Recombinant DNA may be created through
transformation with the help of a vector, such as
bacterial cells. Vectors are organisms that are
normally harmless but may help spread infection by
transferri g the genetic material from one host to
another. In transformation process , a selected portion
of the foreign DNA is inserted into a small, circular
DNA molecule called the plasmid.
VECTORLESS GENE
TRANSFER
 Thisprocess is similar to
transformation, but it does not
involve vectors. The types of
vectorless gene transfer include
electroporation, protoplast fusion,
microinjention and use in a particle
gun.
ELECTROPORATION
 Temporary holes are formed in the
plasma membrane of the host cell
by applying a significant amount of
electricity in the culture medium.
PROTOPLAST FUSION

Cells are treated with chemicals to

initiate recombination. In the process,
bacterial celss walls are digested,
turning the cells into protoplast.a
MICROINJECTION

 The host cells is immobilized by

applying a mild suction with a blunt
pipette.
PARTICLE GUN

 The host cells is bombarded with

tungsten particles coated with
foreign DNA. This process is used
in the field of agriculture.
TRANSDUCTION

 Is the process wherein genetically

engineered bacteriophages –viruses
that parasitize bacteria-are introduced
into the cell to create the desired
recombinant DNA.
APPLICANT OF
RECOMBINANT DNA
 Several scientific advancement have let
to many genetic engineering
techniques that are very beneficial to
us. It is now possible to transfer DNA
sequences from one organisms to
another.
AGRICULTURE
 Transgenic plants, or plants that
contain genes from other
organisms, are now an important
part in the field of agriculture.
MEDICINE
 An important contribution of
recombinant DNA technology in the
field of medicine is the use of bacteria
to create substances that our body
needs, whether to maintain good health
,or to treat a disease.
FOOD INDUSTRY

 Recombinant technology has also improved the food

industry. Some of the crops that we are now resistant to
pests, diseases and environment stress.