ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Presented By :
Sourabh Jain
 OBJECTIVES
Objectives
 Execution of Electrical Job without any harm
 Understand the Work and the Hazard
 Protect the Workmen
 Identify the Hazard/Risk Category
 Identify the Shock and Flash Boundaries
 Identify What PPE Must be Worn
 Ensure Safe practices
Is this safe?
Is this a problem?
What about these ?
 What does hazard mean?

Hazard means:
• any potential or actual threat to the
wellbeing of people, machinery or
environment

Electrical hazard safety means:

• taking precautions to identify and control
electrical hazards
 Why to know about it?

Because failing to take the necessary

precautions can lead to:
• Injury or death
• Fire
• Property damage
 Should you report electrical incidents?

• Electricity is invisible – this in itself makes it dangerous

• It has great potential to seriously injure or kill
• The company has a duty of care to its employees and
contractors
• Everyone is exposed to electrical hazards, not just
electricians
• Report all electrical shocks and near misses

ALL EMPLOYEES CAN BE EXPOSED TO ELECTRICAL

HAZARDS. THEY SHOULD RECEIVE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
TRAINING AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THEIR EMPLOYMENT
AND REGULAR REFRESHER TRAINING.
 What are the safety priorities?
Electrical hazards exist in almost every workplace.
Common causes of electrocution are:
• Coming in contact with overhead/naked wires
• Undertaking maintenance on live equipment
• Working with damaged electrical equipment, such as
extension leads, plugs and sockets
• Using equipment affected by rain or water ingress.
• Loose connections, cable joints,overloading.....etc.
• Improper Earthing
• Unsafe Acts
Best way to avoid Electrical Hazard

 Stop - Before action

 Think -Risks /hazards
 Options - LOTO
 Protection - Proper PPE,s
 Follow - SOP/SMP

 Avoiding Energised circuits is the best way

Three Levels of Protection:

• Engineering danger out of the job

• Safe work practices
• Personal protective equipment
(PPE)
 Electric Shock

 Electrical shock is received

when current passes through Entrance
the body
 Severity of the shock depends
on:
 Path of current through the
body
 Amount of current flowing
through the body
 Length of time the body is
in the circuit

 Low voltage does not means it

is a low hazard. Exit
Ground
 What are the levels of effect of current?

AC current (mA) Effect on human body

1 Slight tingling sensation

2-9 Small shock
10-24 Muscles contract causing you to freeze
25-74 Respiratory muscles can become paralysed;
pain; exit burns often visible
75-300 Usually fatal; ventricular fibrillation; entry & exit
wounds visible
>300 Death almost certain; if survive will have badly
burnt organs and probably require amputations
 Effects of Current Flow

 More than 3 milliamps (ma): painful shock

 More than 10 ma : muscle contraction

 More than 20 ma : considered severe shock

 More than 30 ma : lung paralysis - usually temporary

 More than 50 ma : possible ventricular fibrillation (usually fatal)

 100 ma to 4 amps: certain ventricular fibrillation (fatal)

 Above 4 amps : heart paralysis; severe burns

 What are the types of injuries?

• Burns
• Shocks
• Falls

“ KEEP SAFE AND KNOW HOW TO CONTROL ELECTRICAL HAZARDS ”

 Affects of Electrical Injuries

• Electrocution Secondary
injuries
• Electrical burns
• Nerve, muscle, Muscle, nerve,
Thermal
tissue damage and tissue
burns
• Internal bleeding destruction Burns
• Secondary injuries
– Falls Cardiac arrest and
respiratory failure
Approach distances for Qualified employees

• Qualified person: specifically trained in the

hazards of working on energized parts and
equipment.
300V
300V&&less…………………………...........Avoid
less…………………………...........Avoidcontact
contact
Over
Over300V,
300V,not
notover
over750V………………1
750V………………1ft.ft.00in.
in.
Over
Over750V,
750V,not
notover
over2kV………………..1
2kV………………..1ft.
ft.66in.
in.
Over
Over2kV,
2kV,not over15kV………………..2
notover 15kV………………..2ft.
ft.00in.
in.
Over
Over15kV,
15kV,not
notover
over37kV………………3
37kV………………3ft.
ft.00in.
in.
Over
Over37kV,
37kV,not
notover
over87.5kV…………….3
87.5kV…………….3ft.
ft.66in.
in.
Over
Over87.5,
87.5,not
notover
over121kV………………4
121kV………………4ft.
ft.00in.
in.
Over
Over121kV,
121kV,not
notover
over140kV……………4
140kV……………4ft.
ft.66in.
in.
 • A
Electrical Hazards
dan
ger
ous
con
diti
on
suc
h
that
con
tact
or
 Electrical Hazards

VIDEO ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT-1

 Arc Flash & Arc Blast

 Arc Flash – electrical short circuit that occurs

when air flashes from an exposed live
conductor, to either another conductor or to
ground.
 Arc Blast – pressure wave caused by the arc
flash/High intensity Flash

 Concentrated energy explodes outward

 Pressure wave can reach 200lbs/sq.
inch
 Vaporize conductors and copper and
explode particles like buckshot.
 • Tem
Electrical Arc: per
atur
e
can
rea
ch
35,
000
ºF
–4
ti
m
e
s
h
 Causes of Arc Flash

 Improper House keeping

 Dropped tools
 Short Circuits/Over heating
 Accidental contact with
electrical system
 Voltage testing with inappropriate equipment
 Buildup of dust, corrosion on insulating surfaces
 Sparks produced during racking of breakers,
replacement of fuses and closing into faulty lines.
 Inattentiveness/Overconfidence
 Arc Flash Effects

 Severe burns  Brain/internal

injuries
 Broken bones  Hearing loss

 Vision damage  Death(Fatal)

 Lockout/Tagout

 Your personal lock and

personal danger tag is what
protects you from systems
being re-energized while
you are working on them.
 You are the only person
authorized to remove them
except under specially
controlled conditions.
 If you don’t install them, you
are not fully protected!

t
When Should You Lock-Out • Cle
arin
g
blo
cke
d
or
jam
me
d
me
cha
nis
Tools/PPE's used to be Electrically Safe

 ELECTRICAL INSULATED
SHOES
 RUBBER HAND GLOVES
 RUBBER MATS
 TEST LAMPS
 LINE TESTER
 MULTIMETERS
 ARC FLASH SUIT
 ISI MARK

 The ISI mark is granted to a product after it

has been thoroughly tested by an approved
laboratory of BIS.
 In this process applicant is required to
submit the filled application form along with
documents required and demanded fee to
the Branch Office under whose dominion the
manufacturing unit is located.
 ISI STANDARDS
LIST OF APPLICABLE INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ELECTRIFICATION WORK

Sl.No. STANDARDS TITLE

(1) IS:732 - 1989 Code of practice for electrical wiring installations.
(2) IS: 4648 - 1968 Guide for electrical layout in residential buildings.
(3) IS:8061 - 1976 Code of practice for design, installation and maintenance
of service lines upto and including 650V
(4) IS: 8884 - 1978 Code of practice for installation of electric bells and call
system.
(5) IS: 5578 - 1985 Guide for marking of insulated conductor.
............
........
....
 ISI STANDARDS
LIST OF APPLICABLE INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ELECTRIFICATION
WORK
S.No. STANDARDS TITLE
(6) IS: 11353- 1985 Guide for uniform system of marking and identification
of conductors and apparatus terminals.
(7) IS: 5728 - 1970 Guide for short-circuit calculations.
(8) IS: 7752(Part-1)-1975 Guide for improvement of power factor in
consumer installation: Low and medium supply voltages.
(9) IS: 3646(Part-1)-1966 Code of practice for interior illumination:
Principles for good lighting and aspects of design.
(10)IS:10118(Part-1)-1982 Code of practice for selection, installation and
maintenance of switchgear and control gear : General.
 • Bef
When to test ur Electrical appliances?
ore
first
use
• Aft
er
any
rep
airs
–B
e
f
o
r
 What to do in an Electrical Emergency?

For low voltage electricity >50 V AC and 110 V DC

 remove the source of electricity supply(Isolate)
 Call local emergency number (07767019153)
 Commence CPR if required (only trained personel)

For high voltage electricity >1000 V

 Call local emergency number (07767019153)
 Don’t go near the casualty
 Don’t touch the casualty or try to free them with anything
 Isolate the system and ensure & provide medical attention.
 How do you respond to electrical
incidents?
If you come across a person receiving an electric shock:
 If possible, disconnect the electrical supply (switch?)
 Assess the situation – never put yourself at risk
 Take precautions to protect yourself and anyone else in the
vicinity
 Apply the first aid principle
(i.e DangerResponseAirwaysBreathingCcpr)
 Assess the injuries and move the casualty to a
safe area if required.
 Provide first aid if trained & if
required provide CPR (no repiration)
 Seek urgent medical attention
 Do you want to be a victim?
You could be the victim if you:
 Don’t follow proper procedures
around electricity
 Do not follow work permit system
 Use electrical equipment
improperly
 Use faulty electrical equipment
 Perform unsafe act(unsafe
practices)
 Do not eliminate Unsafe condition
Can you protect yourself from electricity?

 Don’t wear metal objects

 Wear appropriate clothing
 Don’t touch live parts
 Don’t install or repair electrical equipment
 Use qualified personnel
 Clean and dry leads and plugs before use
 Use proper PPE's
 In Doubt and if posible turn the power off
Causes Of Fire In Electrical System
 Loose connections
 Overloading
 Under rating cables
 Under rated equipments

In Case of Electrical Fires

 Do not touch burning object.
 Do not use water use CO2 fire extinguisher.
 Unplug or turn off the current if it can be done safely.
 Stay clear of the area and wait for the professionals.

Note: 60% of all industrial fires are caused by poor

connections and faulty outlets.
 Protection from electrical shock
Residual Current Circuit Breaker
• The RCCB detects a current difference between the live and
neutral conductors.  This current is known as a residual current.
Correctly functioning circuits will always have a balanced live and
neutral current and a residual current only occurs when there is a
fault or potential shock hazard.
• When looking at RCCB labels, an RCCB may be described as:  2P 230v
80A 30mA
2P == 2 Pole - meaning it switches both the live and neutral.
230v == The rms voltage rating of the device.
80A == The rms current handling of the device.  - Meaning the
maximum rated current it is safe to use with it. (Not the trip current)
30mA == The maximum differential current between the live and
neutral circuit before it will trip (leakage/residual current)
 Safe Work Practices

 Follow work permit system

 Follow SMP and SOP for safe execution of work.
 Never Bypass Interlocks and protection system.
 Use-Lockout Policy
 Use proper Tools and wear proper PPE,s
 De Energize every equipment before execution of work
 Work area must be illuminated/Never reach into blind
spots
 Don’t wear conductive apparel.
 Don’t allow conductive liquids near electrical work or
equipment
 Buddy system (over 1,000 volts, work in pairs)
 Use nonconductive ladders during electrical works
 Safety Tips
 Identify the electric shock and arc flash hazards
 Use the right tools for the job.
 Ensure proper Electrical Earthing
 Isolate equipment from energy sources.
 Test every circuit and every conductor every time before you
touch it.
 Work on electrical equipment and conductors only when de-
energized.
 Lock out/tag out and ground equipment before working on it.
 Treat de-energized electrical equipment and conductors as
energized until lockout/tagout, test, and ground procedures are
implemented.
 Wear protective clothing and equipment and use insulated tools
in areas where there are possible electrical hazards.
 Safety Tips Before Work Execution
 Supervisor should explain the job clearly to his workforce
(PEP TALK)
 Supervisor should tell all the safety precautions to be taken
while on job
 Read all SMP’/SOP’s before starting the job
 Take 100 % electrical isolation (power & control ) before
doing job,
 Discharge & keep earthen rod connected while doing job.
 Keep clear marking on live boards/parts, no body touches it.
 Job should be supervised by one person only, too many
instructions from too many supervisors will make workmens
confused.
 Inform the affected people or area in advance while taking
electrical shut down.
 Release the stored energy either mech. or electrical before
taking up of job.(Discharge of capacitor/rotating machines)
 Safety Tips Before Work Execution
 Don’t leave job until its completion, don’t change the
technicians’ & supervisors in between the job.
 Do not allow the out sourced technicians to carry out the
job independently, always club with our technicians.
 Check all the hand lamps/welding machine/drilling
machine etc for any leakage current, because days are
humid.
 Advise your mechanical /operation counterparts on
electrical safety.
 Do not be under pressure, keep cool & do the job.
 For recharging back ensure everything is ok & everyone is
out, at both ends sending & receiving.
Report All Near Misses • Oft
en
sy
mp
to
ms
are
del
ay
ed
an
d
 Household Safety Tips
 Check healthiness of earthing system (Especially During
summers)at your house.
 Use three phase tops for all appliances.
 Do not use electrical appliances with wet hands.
 Avoid overloading of sockets.
 Use ISI mark products only.
 Check for cuts on cables and insulate them
or replace them
 Replace bulbs during switch off condition.
 Use RCCB in place of fuses for house hold protection.
 If you observe sparks disconnect the appliance & use after
repair or replacement
 SAFETY

 Car accident withTransmisson line ……

Video Car Accident-2

TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIAL

Touch potential
Step potential
 The key messages are…

• The risk of electric shock from correctly installed and

maintained power sources is negligible, provided that
sensible precautions are taken by the operator and
correct work procedures are followed
• Ensure that the right person is carrying out electrical work
– licensed versus competent
• Electricity is essential but, improperly used,
it can be DEADLY!

To STAY ALIVE, you have to STAY ALERT

 SO ALWAYS BE CAREFUL

THANK YOU

SO ALWAYS BE CAREFUL
GENERAL SAFETY VIDEO-3
 AC and DC Electric Shock Effects Compared

• Difference between AC and DC Current

• Caution Electric Shock Hazard
• An AC current is alternating in nature and follows a sine curve. It is continuously
changing direction and passing through zero to a maximum positive value and then to
a maximum negative value. The voltage of an AC current is a RMS or root mean
square value, and the peak or maximum value is 1.4 times the RMS value. It means
that a 220 V AC supply is going to 308 Volts before coming down to zero and
changing direction.
• DC current is direct current and does not change in magnitude, though it can be
negative or positive depending on the direction of the circuit. DC current is ideal for
SOAC
electronic circuits whereas ALWAYS
is ideal forBE CAREFUL
electrical installation and motors, etc.
• Effects of an AC or DC Currents on the Human Body
THANK YOU
• The three basic factors that determine what kind of shock you experience are the amplitude of
the current, the duration of the current passing through the body, and the frequency.
• Direct Currents actually have zero frequency, as the current is constant. However, there are
physiological effects during electrocution no matter what type of current.
• The factor deciding the effects of the AC and DC current is the path the current takes through the
body. If it is from the hand to the foot, it does not pass through the heart, and then the effects are
not so lethal.
• However DC current will make a single continuous contraction of the muscles compared to AC
current, which will make a series of contractions depending on the frequency it is supplied at. In
terms of fatalities, both kill but more milliamps are required of DC current than AC current at the
same voltage.
• If the current takes the path SO fromALWAYS
hand to handBE thus CAREFUL
passing through the heart it can result in
fibrillation of the heart. Fibrillation is a condition when all the heart muscles start moving
independently in a disorganized manner THANK YOU
rather than in a state of coordination. It affects the ability
of the heart to pump blood, resulting in brain damage and eventual cardiac arrest.
• Either AC or DC currents can cause fibrillation of the heart at high enough levels. This typically
takes place at 30 mA of AC (rms, 60 Hz) or 300 – 500 mA of DC.
“Sachhe man se kaam Karo……. Kyunki
nazar hati Durghatna Ghati”

Thank you!