Group MARI-MARI

Chua
GROUP Yuk Nee
MARI-MARI
Nor Faqiihah Hidayah
Salwani
Mimi Norhanisah
Siti Atirah
Farah Aisyah
Siti Zulaikha
 INTRODUCTION
 97% of fresh water available now is ground water.
 Well provide groud water.
 Some well tap hotwater@ geothermal resources.
 Ground water is used solely for its cooling
capabilities.
 Some wells are dug for observation.
HOW TO FIND UNDERGROUND WATER
 Things You'll Need:
-Yellow pages
-Divining rods
-Shovels
 Water is more likely to be present in areas of depression,
such as a valley, rather than a hilly area. The presence of
certain plants and trees that gravitate toward water can
also be a clue to the existence of underground water
sources. 
 in areas of dried up riverbeds and streambeds,
underground water often exists just below the surface.
Use a common shovel or spade to dig several test holes
five to seven feet in ground depth. Keep the test holes
spaced at least four feet apart to help you determine if
underground water may be present in one area and not
another. If water is present underground, it will begin to
seep into the hole as you dig close to the water level.
 WELL??
 Artificial hole in the land surface to access a
liquid.
 Small in diameter
 An excavation@ structure created in the ground
by digging, driving, boring@ drilling to access
groundwater in underground aquifers.
 Water well is drawn by electric submersible
pump, a vertical turbine pump, a handpump @ a
mechanical pump @ a bucket.
 Well water typically contains more minerals and
requires treatment to soften the water and
remove strong minerals.
 HOW TO DIG A WELL

 Things You'll Need:

 Pick
 Shovel
 Bucket
 Rope
 4000 Bricks
 Small Stones
 Mortar mix
 INSTRUCTION
1) Find a good place for the well
2) digging the well
3) Cover the bottom
4) reinforce the edges
5) brick and mortar until ground level
6) Cover the top of the well
 TYPE OF WELL~
HAND DUG WELL~
 Excavation with diameters larger to
accommodate 1 @ more people with shovels
digging down to below the water table.
 Can be lined with laid stones@ brick.
 Caissoning= more modern methods; uses
reinforced concrete or plain concrete pre-cast
well rings that are lowered into the hole.
 A well-digging team digs under a cutting ring
and the well column slowly sinks into
the aquifer, whilst protecting the team from
collapse of the well bore.
 DRIVEN WELL
 created in unconsolidated material with a "well
point", which consists of a hardened drive point
and a screen (perforated pipe).
 The point is simply hammered into the ground,
usually with a tripod and "driver", with pipe
sections added as needed.
 A driver is a weighted pipe that slides over the
pipe being driven and is repeatedly dropped on it.
When groundwater is encountered, the well is
washed of sediment and a pump installed.
 DRILLED/BORING WELL
 can be excavated by simple hand drilling
methods or machine drilling. Drilled wells
can get water from a much deeper level than
by dug wells
 Drilled wells are typically created using:
> top-head rotary style
> table rotary
> cable tool drilling machines
THE END……