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    Killer whale pods have distinct vocal calls that differ between family groups. This document outlines a research study that aims to analyze vocal recordings from three Southern Resident killer whale pods in the Pacific Northwest (J, K, and L) to test the hypothesis that vocal calls differ between pods. The proposed methods include collecting vocalization data from the three pods using hydrophones, calculating the average vocal range in kilohertz for each pod, observing pod interactions to measure social affiliation strengths, and using statistical analysis to test if vocal call averages correlate with family pod membership. Previous studies have found more similar calls within pods compared to between pods, indicating vocal dialects associate with family bonds.

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    Killer whale pods have distinct vocal calls that differ between family groups. This document outlines a research study that aims to analyze vocal recordings from three Southern Resident killer whale pods in the Pacific Northwest (J, K, and L) to test the hypothesis that vocal calls differ between pods. The proposed methods include collecting vocalization data from the three pods using hydrophones, calculating the average vocal range in kilohertz for each pod, observing pod interactions to measure social affiliation strengths, and using statistical analysis to test if vocal call averages correlate with family pod membership. Previous studies have found more similar calls within pods compared to between pods, indicating vocal dialects associate with family bonds.

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    18 views14 pages

    Biologypresentationsig

    Uploaded by

    api-534386927
    Killer whale pods have distinct vocal calls that differ between family groups. This document outlines a research study that aims to analyze vocal recordings from three Southern Resident killer whale pods in the Pacific Northwest (J, K, and L) to test the hypothesis that vocal calls differ between pods. The proposed methods include collecting vocalization data from the three pods using hydrophones, calculating the average vocal range in kilohertz for each pod, observing pod interactions to measure social affiliation strengths, and using statistical analysis to test if vocal call averages correlate with family pod membership. Previous studies have found more similar calls within pods compared to between pods, indicating vocal dialects associate with family bonds.

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    of 14

    The Vocal Calls of

    Killer Whales 
    Colleen Arthur-Brewster 
    What is a Cetacean? 
    •Dolphin
    •Whale
    •Porpoise 
    •Aquatic mammals 

    https://s.aolcdn.com/dims-shared/dims3/GLOB/crop/1215x808+0+3
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    orage/midas/46f05bd4a3bdecebb006171cb74324fd/200331367/1128
    62740.jpg
    Introduction 

    https://i.pinimg.com/originals/6 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jane_Khudyakov/publication/306055783/figure/fig4/AS:393897973960715@
    a/05/e4/6a05e4e2c609e112182c 1470924003460/Phylogenetic-tree-showing-current-genomic-resources-available-for-A-cetaceans-and-B.png
    af0ba741c14c.gif
    Hypotheses 
    Null: Vocal calls are not different between
    pods of killer whales. 
    Alternative: Vocal calls differ between pods
    of killer whales. 
    Specific Aims 
    Determine correlation between
    vocal calls and family bonds 
    Significance 
    •Cetaceans are intelligent
    • As proposed by multiple studies 
    • Dialects exist in human culture 
    • Pods are family units 
    Vocal Calls
    Different Whale Calls

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdZg2lCTR84
    https://youtu.be/S3S_I6MgnhY

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5MCeHNQE_o
    Background
    •Family oriented animals
    •Distinct vocal calls among various pods
    •Southern Resident killer whales 
    •Three types of calls
    • Whistles – Long range distance 
    • Pulsed Calls
    • Discrete – Used for maintaining contact  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTk28MqO0Yw

    • Variable 
    • Aberrant 
    • Clicks- Echolocation and Hunting 
    Results of Previous Studies 
    " Spatial proximity is •More similarities of
    indicator of social calls within pods than
    affiliation" (Parsons et al. between pods
    2009.) 
    • Associate with family (Stoltzfus) 
    members 
    • Identified individuals using •Promising data 
    picture technology  • More studies needed 
    • Rate of intrapod interactions • Acoustical studies
    greater than interpod further knowledge 
    interactions 
    Figures of Previous Studies 
    Field Study Approach
    •Field study
    • Not controlled 
    • Southern Resident killer whales are smaller
    population 
    • Easier to study 
    • Hard to obtain accurate or complete data 
    • Limits the amount of results 
    • Potentially less publishable 
    Hypothetical Data 
    Pod Pod Size  Vocal Mean in Hertz  Vocal Call Mean in Kilohertz 
    J  22 2,750 2.75
    K  17 1,555 1.56
    L 34 3,675 3.68
    Research Design and Methods
    •Collect vocal call data for three Southern Resident pods 

    • Calculate average vocal range in kilohertz 

    • Observe pods and identify individuals


    • Measure the strength of associations by watching interactions 
    http://www.cetaceanresearch.com/hydrophones
    /sq26-h1b/images/sq26-h1b-7187.jpg

    • ANOVA test on vocal call averages 


    • Test strength of association to pod 

    https://orcasissues.com/wp-
    content/uploads/2016/10/OrcaSate
    lliteTag.jpg
    References
    Center for Whale Research. 2019. Southern Resident Killer Whale Population. https://www.whaleresearch.com/orca-population. 
    Parsons, K.M., Balcomb, K.C. III, Ford, J.K.B, Durban, J.W. 2009.The social dynamics of
    southern resident killer whales and conservation implications for this endangered
    population. Animal Behaviour, 77: 963-971.

    Stoltzfus, Megan. Comparing Vocalizations Between Matrilines of Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). Beam
    Reach Marine Science and Sustainability School. 

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