Chapter-(5) Five

Training Design

Effective Training: Strategies,

Systems and Practices, 3rd Edition
P. Nick Blanchard and James W. Thacker
 Design Phase

Input Process Output

Learning
Theory
Determine factors
that facilitate
learning & transfer
Develop
Training
Identify alternative
Needs Training method of
instruction
Chapter 6, 7
Objectives
Evaluation
Organizational objectives
Constraints Chapter 9
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Guide to determining time required to prepare
training – Part 1 of 3

Variables Level Of Effort For Design

Low Medium High
Who
1. Designer knowledge  extensive  Moderate  minimal knowledge
and skills related to knowledge and knowledge and skills and skills
instructional design skills

2. Designer knowledge  extensive  some knowledge  no knowledge

of subject matter knowledge
3. Size and complexity of  small,  medium size,  large, complex
the target training group homogeneous moderately complex

4. Designer’s and client’s  always stick  sometimes stick  never stick

track record for sticking
to plans

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 Guide to determining time required to prepare
training – Part 2 of 3

Variables Level Of Effort For Design

Low Medium High
What
5. the number of  few (5 modules)  several (8  many (12 modules)
instruction modules modules)

6. Elements included in  trainee manual  instructor and  instructor and

the training materials only participant manuals participant manuals,
overheads, job aids
7. client’s or organization’s  minimal  modest (desktop  extensive
expectations regarding (produced in- publishing) (professionally
packaging house) produced)

8. what is considered  first draft by  designer  designer

final product designer, client completes up to the completes all drafts,
does rest pilot finalizes after pilot
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 Guide to determining time required to prepare
training – Part 3 of 3

Variables Level Of Effort For Design

Low Medium High
How
9. data collection  a focus group  a focus group and  several focus
made up of a few a few interviews groups and several
well-informed people interviews
10. designer’s  deals directly with  deals with more  deals with a
interaction with the top decision maker than one level of complex labor-
client decision makers management
committee
11. client’s level of  approves general  reviews and  reviews and
involvement direction and final approves key approves all
draft materials materials

12. Amount of  minimal  moderate  extensive

interactivity
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 Proposal for developing a one day workshop
on Effective Communication

Action Time Rate Total

Prepare

Interview relevant employees to determine 1 day $1,000 $1,000

issues and context to develop training
Develop objectives and plan for developing 2.5 days $1,000 $2,500
training. Includes identifying appropriate
instructional methods and developing
evaluation objectives
Develop training materials based on 8 days $1,000 $8,000
objectives
Develop usual aids and evaluation material 2.5 days $1,000 $2,500
Miscellaneous $1,400

TOTAL $15,400
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Types of Costs in Training Programs (1 of 2)

Development Costs (costs related to the development of

the training program; TNA, piloting
of the training, materials used to
design the program, etc..)

Direct Costs (costs directly attributed to the delivery of the

training; trainer compensation, facilities,
materials, etc)

Indirect Costs (cost incurred even if training were cancelled:

preparation, marketing, administrative, &
clerical support)

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Types of Costs in Training Programs (2 of 2)

 Overhead Costs (costs associated with purchase and

maintenance of training equipment and
training facilities)

 Participant Compensation (costs associated with

trainees salary and
benefits)

 Evaluation Costs (costs associated with evaluating the

training; assessment tools, etc…)

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Training Costs for Grievance Reduction Training
– Part 1 of 2

Developmental Costs
1. 20 days of director’s time at $50,000 per $ 4,000
year $ 600
2. 5 days of trainer’s time at $30,000 per year $ 1,000
3. Materials
Direct Costs
1. 5 days of trainer’s time at $30,000 per year $ 600
2. Training facility rental 5 days at $150 per day $ 750
3. Materials and equipment $ 2,000
4. Coffee, juice, and muffins $ 600

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Training Costs for Grievance Reduction Training
– Part 2 of 2

Indirect Costs
1. 1 day trainer preparation $ 120
2. 3 days administrative preparation at $ 120
20,000 per year
Participant Compensation (may include travel)
1. 30 supervisors attending 5-day $21,000
workshop
(Average $35,000 / yr.)
Evaluation Costs
1. 6 days of evaluator’s time at $30,000 per year $ 720
2. Materials $ 800
Total Training Costs $32,310
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 Trainee Population
What if the TNA identifies two or more subgroups with the same learning
objectives but different levels of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs)? It is
difficult to develop a single training program to meet all their needs. If the TNA
of our supervisors who need the communication training, indicated that half of
them previously received training in active listening and were reasonably
proficient in it? The effective communication model we plan to use in the
training of supervisors involves five steps, the first of which is active listening.
The training could be designed in a modular manner to provide only the relevant
modules to each subgroup. In our supervisor example, the first module would
be skill building in the active listening process, and only those not already
proficient would need to attend.

Often your trainee population will have a wide variety of learning styles (Video,
Audio, Read & Write & Kinesthetic)

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