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EBM - DR Balqis
EBM - DR Balqis
EBM - DR Balqis
“the
the conscientious,
conscientious,
explicit
explicit and
and judicious
judicious
use
use of
of current
current best
best
evidence
evidence in in making
making
decisions
decisions about
about the
the care
care
of
of the
the individual
individual
patient”
patient
Ways of Reaching The Truth
of Reaching The Truth
“Trust me”
“In my experience”
Ways of Reaching The Truth The
Truth
It “makes sense” — logical
The “Inductive” Approach
Based on pathophysiology
Evidence-Based Medicine:
“The Deductive” Approach
Based on outcomes research
“Putting it all back together”
Demonstration that it does or doesn’t work
The
The practice
practice of
of EBM
EBM requires
requires the
the integration
integration of
of
individual
individual clinical
clinical expertise
expertise and
and patient
patient values
values
with
with the
the
best
best available
available external
external clinical
clinical evidence
evidence from
from systematic
systematic
research
research..
Best Clinical Evidence
The question 2. Construct a well built clinical question derived from the
case and classify it into one category
The evaluation 4. Appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the
truth) , importance and applicability (usefulness in clinical
practice)
The patient 5. Return to the patient – Make a clinical dicesion to apply
or not to apply the result of the study /integrate that
evidence with clinical expertise, patient factors to carry out
the dicesion
Self-evaluation 6. Evaluate your performance with this patient
Types of Questions
Diagnosis Question
Therapy
/prevention Question
A question concerning
the ability of a test to
A question concerning the effectiveness predict the likelihood of a disease
of a treatment or preventative measure
Therapy
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
Diagnosis
Independent, blind comparison with a reference standard
Prognosis
Representative and well-defined prospective cohort of patients at a
similar point in the course of disease
Meta-Analysis
Systematic Review
Cohort studies
Animal research
Levels of Evidences
1. Keywords
2. Boolean searching
3. Combining words
4. Phrase searching
5. Truncation / wildcard searching
6. Focusing a search
The Boolean Principle
Supposing a patient with hypecholesterolemia came into your clinic and asks for an anti-
cholesterol drug because he wants to avoid sudden death.
How you formulate the problem
Types of questions
1. hypercholesterolemia
2. Anti-cholesterol OR statin
3 sudden death
Type these word in the MEDLINE
Term Articles
1. Hypercholesterolemia 34.089
2. Anti-cholesterol OR statin 12.343
3. Sudden death 102.367
P= stroke
I= botulism toxins
C= No treatment
Are lifestyle changes effective in reducing the development of diabetes mellitus for
patients with impaired glucose tolerance?
Building A Search