history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS
 Past

Santiago
Santiago Calatrava
Calatrava
 Recent
Current

Valls
Valls
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Awards

Analysis
History history

Born on 28 July 1951 1990’s

In Benimámet , an urban part of Valencia, Spain sculptures

architect, sculptor and structural engineer

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 EDUCATION history

1990’s

sculptures

undergraduate studies at the Architecture School and Arts and Crafts

School
1975-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, PROJECTS
Switzerland, for graduate work in civil engineering  Past
1981-doctoral thesis, "On the Foldability of Space Frames"  Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 nh-rise

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ain
-Montjuic
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eer-
ain
urning
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U.S-:The
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-Montjuic
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U.S-:The
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urning
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ehdvilion
twisting
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1992 ower
kee Art
ed1992
in Malmö,
in
in
Olympic
(2001)
train
(1991)
Torso
Olympic
in
Career history
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1990’s
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PROJECTS
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 Past
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or
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Current
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Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 1990’s architecture history

1990’s

sculptures
1990’s

Deconstructivism(late
Deconstructivism(late 1980’s)-visual
1980’s)-visual
appearance characterized
appearance characterized by
by a
a
stimulating unpredictability
stimulating unpredictability and
and a
a
controlled chaos. ideas
controlled chaos. ideas of of
fragmentation, on-rectilinear shapes
fragmentation, on-rectilinear shapes
which
which serve
serve to
to distort
distort and
and dislocate
dislocate
some
some of
of the
the elements
elements ofof architecture,
architecture,
such as structure and envelope
such as structure and envelope

PROJECTS
 Past
postmodernism
postmodernism (late
&
(late 1970s
1970s Modernism(1960’s)-
Modernism(1960’s)-
featured
featured rectilinear
 Recent
& 1980s)-linked
1980s)-linked present
present rectilinear
and
and past
past designs,
designs, as
as well
well as
as geometry,
geometry, minimalism,
minimalism,
brought
brought ornamentation
ornamentation and
and anan ordering
ordering of
of space;
space; Current
and
and context
context back
back to
to its
its philosophy
philosophy called
called for
for
architecture
architecture form
form to
to follow
follow function
function
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Inspiration from French architect Le history
Corbusier , whose Notre Dame du Haut chapel 1990’s
caused Calatrava to examine how complex
sculptures
form could be understood and generated in
architecture.

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
PAINTINGS history

1990’s

sculptures

SCULPTURES

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Past 1.Orient station ,Lisbon Portugal history
•The Orient station is an inter-modal
projects terminal: Its facilities serve and interconnect 1990’s
several forms of transport.
sculptures
•There are connections into the
underground system, national and
metropolitan buses or taxis. There is also an
airport link
•The station is made out of three self-
contained parts and is divided into two
levels.
•The raised level holds the platforms for the
national train network; the lower level
connects to the underground and emerges at
the surface to a major bus terminal for the PROJECTS
city.  Past
•The four platforms of the train station are  Recent
reached through ramps or cylindrical glass Current
lifts. Awards
•This elegant solution consists of a series of
Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVAslender
VALLS pillars that split on the top and
2.Alamillo bridge history
•It is a road bridge at the north end of La Cartuja island, with a
1990’s
142m high pylon that has become a landmark visible from
Seville's old town. sculptures
•striking feature is its forcefully asymmetric design.
•Its single pylon inclines away from the river, and supports the
200m span with thirteen pairs of cables.
•The weight of the concrete and steel pylon provides a
counterbalance for the bridge deck.

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
.Montjuic communication tower history
•Calatrava's beautiful and original communications tower was
1990’s
built for Telefónica in the heart of the 1992 Olympic site, to
carry coverage of the Games sculptures
•Aside from its distinctive structural form, the tower is
innovative in enclosing the circular platform of microwave
dishes, replacing the normal clutter with a serene white arc
•the 130 meter structure becomes a welcome feature in the
Olympic park.
•The overall form of the tower is based on a Calatrava sketch of
a kneeling figure making an offering.
•The base on which the figure 'kneels' is covered in broken
glazed tiles in recognition of Gaudi (though with more PROJECTS
 Past
restrained colours)
 Recent
•The orientation of the tower means that the shadow of the
Current
central needle on the circular platform acts as a (rather
Awards
impractical) sundial.
Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Lyon airport station , Lyon (France) history
•It provides a TGV station for the airport, but also a connection
1990’s
point for both TGV and airplanes into the regional road and rail
system. sculptures
•The building's most striking profile, based on two converging
steel arches 120 meters long and 40 meters high.
•The building is most obviously expressive of a bird,
symbolizing flight..

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 1.Tenerife opera house , Spain
Recent projects history
Sited on nearly six acres next to the
ocean, the building seems to rise up 1990’s
and over itself in the form of a wave
from the waters below. sculptures
Two auditoriums, totally 73,000
sq.f. with a capacity of over 2000, is
contained under the wave, as well as
administrative offices, below-grade
parking and a public plaza (click
here for section). Acoustically, the
two halls were designed to be
adaptable to different performances
and situations, with openings that
can be closed for the ideal
treatment. Although the building PROJECTS
will be the permanent home of the
 Past
TSO, upcoming events include plays
and even conferences that justify  Recent
the variability. Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Olympic sports complex , Greece history

•The Olympic Stadium is covered with a roof of laminated glass, 1990’s

composed of a pair of bent "leaves," capable of reflecting up to
sculptures
90% of the sunlight
•The Nations Wall is a tubular steel wall sculpture, designed to
move in a wavelike motion, creating a pleasing effect of light
and shadow over the central circulation spine and can also serve
as a giant vedio screen
•All structures have been designed so that they can be
prefabricated off-piste in large measure, NATIONS
reducingWALL
the need for
onsite personnel and equipment and minimizing interference
with other construction work on the existing buildings. PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
.Malmo , Sweden(TURNING TORSO) history
Calatrava's residential tower for Malmö, at the city's West Harbour, is based
in form on his sculpture Turning Torso. 1990’s
In the original sculpture of Turning Torso, seven cubes are set around a
steel support to produce a spiral structure, which resembles a twisting human sculptures
spine.
In the Turning Torso building, the spiralling tower is composed of nine box
units, each of five floors
The 53rd and 54th floor, with magnificent
360-degree views, will have conference facilities
driven by HSB Malmö under the name of “Torso
Meeting.”
nucleus of internal elevators and stairs,
through which the box units communicate

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Current projects1.WTC
projects transportation hub history

1990’s

sculptures

 With the scheduled opening by mid-2014 according to the Port Authority,

Lower Manhattan will be the third-largest transportation centre in New York PROJECTS
with the World Trade Centre Transportation Hub  Past
 $3.2-billion hub will be home to the PATH, connect to 13 subway lines via  Recent
the Fulton Street Transit Centre and other terminals, and link pedestrians to
the World Financial Centre (WFC) and its ferries through an underground Current
concourse. Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Liege Guillemin's TGV station, Belgium history
Liege Guillemin's Station is a major node
1990’s
in the European high speed rail network;
an indispensable link between London,
Paris, Brussels and Germany. sculptures
The concept for the design was
transparency and an urban dialog with the
city.
Transparency is translated by the
monumental vault, constructed of glass
and steel, with its soaring canopies
extending 145 meters over the five
platforms.
The huge glass building replaces the
traditional facade and establishes a
seamless interaction between the interior PROJECTS
of the station and the city.  Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 The station is organized vertically:
Towards the Place de la Gare the rail history
platforms and the access footbridge stack
over 3 levels. 1990’s
The project has no facade in the
traditional sense, since the interaction sculptures
between interior and exterior is seamless.
The monumental roof becomes, in effect,
the project’s facade

PROJECTS
 Past
To an observer on the hill, the roof reveals something of the inner organization  Recent
of the station. To an observer within the station, the structural arches of the Current
roof frame the views to the outside. Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Qatar history

photography 1990’s
museum
sculptures

outside walls open

& close depending
on amount of
sunlight
Kuwait Pavilion
segmented roof
opens and closes PROJECTS
to create different  Past
 Recent
textures and
Current
designs Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Chicago spire, Illinois(2006-2009) history

The building is designed to be made 1990’s

primarily out of concrete.
The twisting exterior is designed to deflect sculptures
wind.
The building is designed with two
emergency stairwells, in response to the 9/11
attacks in New York.
The spire rests on 34 caissons drilled into
the bedrock 110 feet underground. 20
caissons support the middle of the structure
while 14 are arranged in a ring around the
perimeter.
 This plot of land was originally zoned for PROJECTS
two towers: one 35 stories, and one 55
 Past
stories tall. Because of its height the Spire's  Recent
density is less than the original zoning.
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
  It also appeals to bird rescue
history
groups which say the single, taller,
tower will have less of an impact on 1990’s
bird migration than two wider
sculptures
towers.
The spire is expected to have up
to 1,193 residences.
The building's penthouse will be
two-stories tall and have 10,293
square feet of space.
The spire's penthouse will be the
world's highest residence.
PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 80 south street history

1990’s
80 South Street was a residential skyscraper proposed for sculptures
construction in New York City. However, the project was
cancelled in 2008 in the wake of a declining real estate market.

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
Design history
The design of the building consisted of 12 four-storey cubes
stacked on top of one another, cantilevered off a central 1990’s
concrete column standing above an 8-storey base. The lowest
sculptures
two cubes, as well as the entire base, would hold offices. The
upper 10 cubes were planned to serve as individual residences.
Each private cube would consist of about 10,336 square feet
(960 m2) of area, as well as an outdoor garden. The residences
each had a cost of up to $US30 million, making them some of
the most expensive condominiums in New York City.

PROJECTS
 Past
 Recent
Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 AWARD history
S d´Argent de la Recherche et de la
In 1990 he received the "Médaille
Technique", Paris. In 1992 he received the prestigious Gold Medal from the 1990’s
Institution of Structural Engineers. In 1993, the Museum of Modern Art in New
York held a major exhibition of his work called “Structure and Expression." In sculptures
1998 he was elected to become a member of "Les Arts et Lettres," in Paris. In
In 2005, Calatrava was awarded the Eugene McDermott Award by the Council
for the Arts of MIT. The Award is among the most esteemed arts awards in the
US.
1979 August Perret Award
1999 Prince of Asturias Award in Arts
2000 Algur H. Meadows Award for Excellence in the Arts from the Meadows
School of the Arts, Southern Methodist University
2005 American Institute of Architects Gold Medal
2006 Eugene McDermott Award in the Arts from the Council for the Arts at
MIT,(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) PROJECTS
2006 Honorary Engineering Degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Designation as a Global Leader for Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum in Past
Davos  Recent
2007 Honorary Engineering Degree from Columbia University Current
2007 Awarded with the Spanish National Architecture Award Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS
 My critical analysis history

Positives 1990’s
I. Blend of advanced engineering techniques with complex sculptures
visual statements(movable roofs , bent beams ,
fragmentation).
II. Designs that add aesthetics to even utilitarian & mechanical
structures like bridges.
III. Futuristic architecture which gives elegance and beauty to the
space
Negative
IV. Residential buildings with excellent facilities
Is. Monotonous , characteristic feature ( foldable beams)
II. No colour variation PROJECTS
III. Bridge’s glass tiles are prone to break or get slippery in  Past
local weather conditions  Recent
IV. At times may lack a subtle and homely atmosphere. Current
Awards

Analysis
SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS