MABM 0312 BIOSCIENCE

9.1 NEOPLASM
Lecturer’s Name : Datuk Halim
Student’s Name :
1. NUR FARADILLAH BT ABD RAHMAN 010817-08-0674
2. MAHIRAH BT HASHIM 010523-07-0550
3. NUZUL ALEEYA NATASHA BT AZMAN 010329-03-1072
4. MUHAMAD AZHAD B. AZANI 010309-01-1365
5. NORDIANA BT OSMAN 011110-03-1048
6. NURUL SYAFIQAH BT REDZUAN 011116-02-0710
7. WAN NOR ATHIRAH BT WAN JOHAN 010524-03-0526
 An abnormal new
growth of cells
independent of
physiologic growth
stimuli (autonomous).

Its growth persists

after cessation of the Serves no useful
stimuli which purpose.
provoked its
formation. Definition

Its growth is
uncoordinated with
the surrounding
tissue.
 A neoplasm is characterized by
Creation
partial/complete loss of regulation of mitosis
and cell maturation

Reduction/deletion of the specialized

NEOPLASIA Differentiation
function of the cells

Organization Loss of the morphologic tissue and organ

characteristic
 Usually grow slowly
and do not interfere
with the person's well
being or shorten his
Benign tumours life, unless the tumours
encroaches on a vital
organ.
Classification of
neoplasm More rapidly growing,
destroy and infiltrate /
gain excess to the
Malignant normal structures and
unless effectively
tumours treated interfere with
health and eventually
cause death.
Two basic components benign and malignant:

• Neoplastic cell.
• Neoplasm classified based on parenchymal
Parenchyma cell type.

• Reactive to the neoplasm.

• Supportive
• Composed of :
Stroma
• connective tissue
• Inflammatory cells
• Blood vessels
 Classification of Tumours
Tissue or origin Benign Malignant
Epithelial Tumours
1. Squamous epithelium Squamous cell papilloma Squamous cell carcinoma
2. Transitional epithelium Transitional cell papilloma Transitional cell carcinoma
3. Glandular epithelium Adenoma Adenocarcinoma
4. Basal cell layer skin -- Basal cell carcinoma
5. Neuroectoderm Nerves Melanoma
(melanocarcinoma)
6. Hepatocytes Liver cell adenoma Hepatoma (hepatocellular
carcinoma)
7. Placenta (chorionic epithelium) Hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma
 Classification of tumours
Tissue or origin Benign Malignant
Non-epithelial (mesenchymal) tumours
1. Mesothelium -- Mesothelioma
2. Blood vessels Haemangioma Angiosarcoma
3. Lymph vessels Lymphangioma Lymphangiosarcoma
4. Glomus Glomus tumour --
5. Meninges Meningioma Invasive meningioma
6. Haematopoietic cells -- Leukaemias
7. Lymphoid tissue Pseudolymphoma Malignant lymphomas
8. Nerve sheath Neurilemmoma , Neurofibroma Neurogenic sarcoma
9. Nerve cells Ganglioneuroma Neuroblastoma
 Classification of tumours
Tissue or origin Benign Malignant
Mixed Tumours
Salivary glands Pleomorphic adenoma Malignant mixed salivary tumour

Tumours of more than one germ cell layer

Totipotent cells in gonads or in Mature teratoma Immature teratoma
embryonal rests
 Characteristic of Benign & Malignant
Tumours
◦ 1- CAPSULATION

BENIGN MALIGNANT

- Grow by expansion leading to pressure - Grow by an infiltrative manner that destroys

atrophy of the surrounding tissue with and penetrates the surrounding tissue.
formation of fibrous capsule. - Not develop a capsule.
Characteristic of Benign & Malignant
Tumours
◦ 2- DIFFERENTIATION

BENIGN MALIGNANT

- Composed of well-differentiated cells - Characterized by a wide range of

that resemble very closely their parenchymal differentiation from
normal counterpart surprisingly well-differentiated to those
completely undifferentiated.
- Eg: lipoma
 Anaplasia
◦ A cells that have lost the unique characteristics that define them as a certain tissue type.
◦ “to form backwards” in the sense that normal cells become more specialized, not less so, with each
division.
◦ Anaplasia can be explained as when a cell ‘reverts’ to a more stem-cell like state, one that is often
distorted.
◦ Often seen in cancer cells, the cell no longer functions as part of the tissue that surrounds it.
◦ As the cell undergoes mitosis, it produces cells that also display anaplasia. In this way, a malignant
tumor is born.
CONCLUSION

◦ Neoplasms = a abnormal mass of tissue.

= uncoordinated with of the normal tissue

Anaplasia = implies differentiation / loss of structural

eg : malignant tumour
 BENIGN VS. MALIGNANT
BENIGN MALIGNANT
- Does not invade surrounding - Invade & destroy nearby tissue
tissue/spread to other parts of the body. - May metastatize
- Slow growth rate - Fast growth rate
- Cells are normal - Cells are abnormal (cancerous )
(not cancerous)
- Easy to remove - Difficult to remove
- Less chance to recur - Likely to recur
- Secrete hormones - Secrete substances ( cause fatigue & weight
loss )
- Can be treated with surgery - Treated with chemoteraphy, radiation
therapy/ immunotheraphy treatments.
REFERENCES
◦ https://web.duke.edu/pathology/siteParts/avaps/02.22.1 Neoplasia |Final.pdf

◦ https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-benign-and-malignant/

◦ https://webpath.med.Utah.edu/NEOHTML/NEOPL101.html

https://webpath.med.Utah.edu/NEOHTML/NEOPL107.html