Kinds of Punishment


Punishment- oldest method of controlling crime

Variations in modalities of punishment

Variations in reactions to law- breaking

Forms of Punishment- based on deterrence

Early societies- retaliatory method

Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth

Kingship settling disputes

Public control of private wrongs

This led to modern penal system

Police and courts- public control
 Forms of Punishment
 Early period- Punishments cruel
 End of 18th century- penology emphasized
 Severity to be kept at minimum
 Common modes of Punishment
Flogging:
 Whipping act, 1864
Abolished in 1955 in India
 It is used in middle East countries today
 It has not proved effective
 In minor offences, it serves some purpose
Mutilation:

Hands chopped off

Sex crime- private part cut off

It was practice in England European countries.

Branding:

Criminals branded with mark

Subjected to public ridicule

England practiced till 1829

It has practiced in U.S.A Mughal rule.
Stoning:
 Stoning criminals to death
 It was practice in medieval period
 Still in practice in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia.
 Sex crimes- stoning to death
 Crimes against women- under control
Pillory:

Head and hands locked in iron frame and stoned

Ears of criminal nailed to pillary

Hardened criminals were nailed to walls and shot

Hanging in public place prohibited.

Fines:

Fine for violation of traffic rules

Fine for property crimes, minor offences

Fine- alternative to imprisonment
Forfeiture of Property:
 Ipc section 53- forfeiture of property
 Confiscation of property- 126

Security Bond:
 For good behavior as a restraint
 Banishment:
 Practice of transporting undesirable criminals to far -off
places
Solitary confinement:

Confining criminals in solitary prison cells

For hardened criminals

Imprisonment for Life:


Under section 53 Ipc

Amended by Act 26 of 1955

Imprisonment for 20 years

Imprisonment:

Common form of sentencing

Minimum security prison

Open air prison
Capital Punishment:
 Arguments for and against capital punishment
 Offenses punishable under Ipc
 Waging war against state (sec 121)
 Abetment of mutiny(sec 132)
 Murder(sec 302)