Approaches to

Language Testing

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Language tests divided into four main approaches to
testing, those are :

The essay- The-integrative

.
translation approach approach

The structuralist And the

approach communicative
approach
 Characteristics of
The essay-translation approach
 No special skill or expertise in
testing is required
Subjective judgement of the
teacher Test usually consists of essay
writing, translation, and
grammatically analysis (often in
form of comments about language
being learned)
Have heavy literary and cultural
bias.
 Characteristics of
the Structuralist Approach
Concerned with the systematic
acquisition of a set of habit .

Concerned with identification and

measurement of learners’ mastery of
separate elements of the target language
such as phonology, vocabulary and
grammar.
Using this will help students find
their strenghts and weaknesses
in every skill they study.

complicated job for teachers to prepare C E R T I F I C AT E

questionnaires using this approach.

it considers measuring non-integrated

skills that integrated skills.  
Characteristics of Integrative Approach

Involves the testing of Best characterized by

language in context the use of cloze
testing and of
dictation.
Concerned with .
meaning and total
communicative effect
of discourse.

Included in test of
Designed to measure oral interviews,
learner’s ability to translation, and
use two or more essay writing.
skills simultanously.
.
 Communicative Approach
Emphasize the importance
of the meaning utterances
rather than their form and
structure

Concerned primarily with

communictive test .

Success judged in terms of

the effectiveness of tje
communication rather than
formal linguistic accuracy
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