THERMOCHEMISTRY: First and

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Report by: Group 4 Newton Bæ Nation
Law of Thermodynamics
 It defines the fundamental physical quantities
(temperature, energy, and entropy) that characterize
thermodynamic systems.

 There are four laws of thermodynamics

 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
 First Law of Thermodynamics
 Second Law of Thermodynamics
 Third Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
 Also known as Law of Conservation of Energy
 States that energy can be converted from one form to
another with the interaction of heat, work and internal
energy.
 Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can be converted
or transferred.
System
Surroundings
First Law of Thermodynamics
 Equation:
ΔU = Q + W

o ΔU = total change in internal energy of a system

o Q = heat exchanged between a system and its
surroundings
 Q is positive (+) if the system absorbs heat energy
 Q is negative (-) if the system releases heat energy

o W = Work done by or on the system

 W is positive (+) if work is done on the system
 W is negative (-) if work is done by the system
Calculate the change in the internal energy of a system if
300 J of heat energy is absorbed by the system and if
400 J of work is done on the system

Equation: ΔU = Q + W
Given: Q= 300J ; W= 400J

Solution:
ΔU = Q + W
= 300 J + 400 J
ΔU = 700 J
What is the change in the internal energy of the system if the
surroundings gain 250 J of heat energy and if 470 J of
work is performed by the surroundings?

Equation: ΔU = Q + W
Given: Q= -250J ; W= 470J

Solution:
ΔU = Q + W
= (-250 J) + 470 J)
ΔU = 220 J
The system releases 700 J of heat energy and 300 J of work
is done by the system. Calculate the change in the
internal energy of the system.

Equation: ΔU = Q + W
Given: Q= -700J ; W= -300J

Solution:
ΔU = Q + W
= (-700 J) + (-300 J)
ΔU = -1000 J
Second Law of Thermodynamics
 States that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as an
isolated system, will always increase over time.
 Also states that the changes in the entropy in the universe
can never be negative.
 Entropy: a thermodynamic property that is the measure of a
system ‘s thermal energy per unit of temperature that is
unavailable for doing useful work.
Hot Object Cold Object

Metal Rod