Part-two

Dog bites
 Rabies
• There are many animals that carry rabies: vampire bats, cats , dogs,
foxes and others).

• What is feared most is rabies.

 Epidemiology
• At the moment wild animal bites are rare except among game
rangers.
 People at risk
• Owners: Especially when the dog is annoyed or is very old.
• Animal clinic attendants
• Visitors: When the dog is not attended to.
 Canines
• Dogs have long canines (the group is called canine)
• The canines have a tearing effect(Fig.2).
Fig.1:Canine
Fig.2: Dog bite
Fig.3: Dog bite on the lip
 Treatment
• If the owner has a canine certificate of immunization then the dog is
not rabid.
• The bite is treated as that of a human bite.
 Symptoms of a rabid dog
• Wild.
• Backs and salivates.
• Finally convulses and dies.
 Symptoms of rabies in man
Salivation
Madness
death
There has been no known human being who has survived rabies.
 Prevention of rabies
• It is a law to vaccinate all domestic animals that may catch rabies.
• Surveillance:
Dies within 14 days.
Alive 14 days after biting a person, that dog is not rabid.
When a suspicious a dog is killed or dies
Brain taken to a virus research institute
 Passive immunisation
• human anti-rabies.
 Active immunisation
IM Imovax Rabies 1ml (2.5IU)

Prophylaxis Exposed Previously vaccinated

0 day 0 day 0 day
7rd day 3rd day 3 day
21st day 7th day
28th day 14th day
28th day
 Guide to surgeons
Withhold anti-rabies Observe the dog for 10 days Give anti-rabies
Dog with varied canine certificate Family dog Unknown dog.
Symptomatic dog.
Dog killed but virology results not
yet available.
 Additional care
Care Activity
Antibiotics Bactrim ii tablets twice a day for 5 days.
Surgical toilet Debridment and dressing (No primary suture)
Tetanus toxoid 0.5 ml according to the immune status of the client.
Assumption Always assume the dog is rabid.
The municipal council Must restrain stray dogs.