Practical Research

2 (Quantitative
Research)
 Course Content:
I. Nature of Inquiry and Research
a. Describes characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research;
b. Illustrates the importance of quantitative
research across fields; and
c. Differentiates kinds of variables and their
uses
II. Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the
Problem
a. Designs a research useful in daily life
b. Writes a research title
c. Describes background of research
d. States research questions
e. Indicates scope and delimitation of study
f. Cites benefits and beneficiaries of study
g. Presents written statement of the problem
III. Learning from Others and Reviewing the
Literature
a. Selects relevant literature
b. Cites related literature using standard style (APA,
MLA or Chicago Manual of Style)
c. Synthesizes information from relevant literature
d. Writes coherent review of literature
e. Follows ethical standards in writing related literature
f. Illustrates and explain conceptual framework
g. Defines terms used in study
h. Presents written review of related literature and
conceptual framework
IV. Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically
Collect Data
a. Chooses appropriate quantitative research design
b. Describes sampling procedure and the sample
c. Constructs an instrument and establishes its validity
and reliability
d. Describes intervention
e. Plans data collection procedure
f. Plans data analysis using statistics and hypothesis
testing
g. Presents written research methodology
h. Implements design principles to produce creative
artwork
V. Finding Answers through Data Collection
a. Collects data using appropriate instruments
b. Presents and interprets data in tabular and
graphical forms
c. Uses statistical techniques to analyze data –
study of differences and relationships limited
for bivariate analysis
VI. Reporting and Sharing Findings
a. Draws conclusions from research findings
b. Formulates recommendations
c. Lists references
d. Presents written research report
e. Finalizes and presents best design
f. Presents research workbook
What is Research?
 comes from the middle French word recherché
which means “the act of searching closely
 combination of the prefix re which means
“again” and search which means “to look for”
What is the Main Objective of
Research?
To answer questions and acquire new
information, whether to solve a
problem or to shed light on confusing
facts.
Reflect Upon:
What ideas or pieces of information are
vague and questionable to you? How do
you find answers to these questions?
Research and Science
 Science – a procedural and systematic
approach in gaining new knowledge by making
thorough observations and using controlled
and precise methods
 Research – a process of gathering data to
prove a claim, test existing hypotheses, and
find answers and solutions o
Scientific Method in Research
 The process of conducting research
scientifically involves a systematic collection
and investigation of data through the scientific
method.
 It provides a set of clear and settled guidelines
for collecting, assessing, and detailing data in
the context of a research study
 Scientific Method in Research
1. Empirical approach – knowledge is gained
through direct observation and
experimentation
2. Observation – Awareness of environment
constitutes your ideas using an appropriate
instrument
 Scientific Method in Research
3. Question – Knowledge comes from inquiries that
are answerable. It must be answered through
scientific investigation and must generate
tangible proof.

Which is better?
a. What is the butterfly’s level of well-being as it
eats nectar from a flower?
b. Is there an increase in test scores among
students when they attended a tutorial class?
Scientific Method in Research
4. Hypotheses - an educated guess
- an attempt to explain a phenomena
- once formulated, it should help you
formulate a prediction
- it must be testable for analysis and
interpretation
5. Experiments – The given hypothesis should
assure testability in a crafted condition for the
accuracy and reliability of results
 Scientific Method in Research
6. Analyses – for findings to be reliable, the data
gathered are subjected for analysis through
statistical methods. The statistical treatment to
be employed depends on the design of the study,
type of data, and given questions.
7. Conclusion – the process of making inferences
- must be objective and supported by
meticulous analysis of data
 Scientific Method in Research
8. Replication – means doing the same study once
again to a different set of participants to test the
soundness of the obtained result.
- it paves way for additional and essential
purposes like:
a. Establishment of reliability of findings.
b. Discovery of new knowledge.
c. Ascertainment of the generalizability of results.
Scientific Method in Research
Empirical
Observation Question
approach

Analyses Experiments Hypotheses

Conclusion Replication
 GOALS OF RESEARCH
1. Description – refers to the way in which
the phenomena being studied is
defined, classified, and categorized
- the goal is to provide essential
information
 GOALS OF RESEARCH
2. Prediction – entails stating the possible
consequences of present events based on
existing knowledge of something else
- the purpose is to control one’s action and
behavior through careful planning derived from
a given set of information
 GOALS OF RESEARCH
3. Understanding/Explanation – the process of
analyzing information to find out the causes
behind phenomena
 IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
Research is essential for the following reasons:
1. Knowledge is established.
2. Perceptions are corrected.
3. Phenomena are validated.
4. Present solutions are tested for effectivity.
5. Problems are solved.
Activity:
1.Watch the following videos:
a. “Research Is Like Cooking” (
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v+r9fkSzdLf7M)
b. “Six Reasons Why Research is Cool: Quique Bassat
at TEDxBarcelonaChange” (
https://youtu.be/1b3iteSyg1I)
2.Write an essay telling what you’ve learned
about the research process.