Video-based Instruction in

Earth and Life Science

(maximum of 5 minutes)
Opening Spiel:
Good Morning Grade 11 students. I’m Ma’am
Jessa, and I’m back for today’s lesson on our Earth
and Life Science subject.
Please take a seat in front of your televisions, of
course, with the appropriate distance so that you will
not harm your eyes. Fasten your seatbelts because we
will be taking a tour around the world of ROCKS.
Short Recapitulation:
Looking back, we already recognized the
uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the
solar system with properties necessary to support
life.
We also learned that the Earth consists of four
subsystems, the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere
and biosphere, across whose boundaries matter and
energy flow.
Short Recapitulation:
We also identified common rock-forming
minerals using their physical and chemical
properties. Minerals are defined as a naturally
formed, generally inorganic, crystalline solid
composed of an ordered array of atoms.
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks
Introduction of the Topic (with examples):
I am holding right now a piece of rock which I
found in our school garden. Rocks are naturally
occurring substances which are composed of one or
more minerals glued together by natural processes.
Rocks are classified into three major groups with the
mode of formation as basis. The physical and
chemical properties of rocks are influenced by how
they are formed.
Introduction of the Topic (with examples):
The first type of rocks are IGNEOUS ROCKS. These rocks
are derived from the cooling and solidification of molten rock
materials. These are usually hard and crystalline. The
formation of igneous rocks can happen either on the surface of
the Earth or beneath it. The size of crystals in these rocks
greatly depends on their rate of cooling. The faster the cooling
rate, the smaller the crystal while the slower the cooling rate,
the larger the crystal. This type of rock has two subtypes.
These are the Volcanic or the Extrusive Igneous Rocks and the
Plutonic or the Intrusive Igneous Rocks.
Introduction of the Topic (with examples):
How do these group of igneous rocks differ from
each other? Well, Extrusive Igneous Rocks are formed
at the surface of the Earth with a faster rate of cooling
producing smaller crystals while Intrusive Igneous
Rocks are formed beneath the surface of the Earth with
a much slower rate of cooling making its crystal larger.
Examples of Extrusive Igneous rcoks are rhyolite,
andesite and basalt while granite, diorite and gabbro
are examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks.
Introduction of the Topic (with examples):
The second type of rocks are SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. These
are formed at or near the surface of the Earth through
Sedimentation. Sedimentation is the tendency for particles/
sediments to settle in a fluid. Weathering, erosion, sediment
transport and deposition are the aid of the formation of these rocks.
Another factor which contributes to the occurrence of sedimentary
processes mentioned above are the low temperature and pressure at
the Earth's surface.
Sedimentary rocks have fossil assemblages and stratified features.
Fossil assemblages are the remnants of plants and animals which
are preserved in rocks.
Introduction of the Topic (with examples):
These rocks are classified into two: the Clastic and Nonclastic Sedimentary
Rocks. CLASTIC Sedimentary Rocks are composed of pieces of pre -
existing rocks, grains, and cements that are glued together. This subgroup of
rocks are classified based on their particle size. NONCLASTIC Sedimentary
Rocks are formed by chemical reactions giving these rocks organic origins.
They are named according to their composition. Evaporites, precipitates and
bioclastics are the classification of these rocks. Evaporites are rocks formed
when water evaporates leaving the dissolve minerals to crystallize.
Precipitates are rocks formed when minerals from a mineral supersaturated
waters start to crystallize at the bottom of the solution. BIOCLASTIC or
ORGANIC Sedimentary rocks are formed when compacted organic matter
undergoes compaction and cementation. EXAMPLES OF SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS includes: Sandstone, Conglomerate, Siltstone, Shale, Rock Salt,
Limestone, Bituminous Coal and Dolostone
 Introduction of the Topic (with examples):
The third type of rocks are METAMORPHIC ROCKS which are
products from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process
called metamorphism. Metamorphism refers to the changes of rocks'
appearance due to changes in pressure and temperature.
Metamorphism has two types. These are the contact metamorphism
and the regional metamorphism.
Contact Metamorphism will occur when a pre - existing rock get in
touch with magma which serves as the source of heat and chemically
active fluids. This leads to the formation of non - foliated rocks. Non
- foliated rocks are formed around igneous intrusions where the
temperature are high but the pressure is low. Examples: hornfels,
novaculite, marble and quartzite
Introduction of the Topic (with examples):
Regional Metamorphism happens when rocks are
subjected to high pressure making it undergo a
considerable amount of mechanical deformation.
This type creates foliated rocks. Foliated rocks are
formed when pre - existing rocks are exposed to
heat and
directed to pressure. Layers and bands are usually
seen in this type of rocks. Examples: gneiss,
phylitte, schist, slate
 Assignment:
Now that we are able to discuss the three different types of
rocks, the IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, and METAMORPHIC
ROCKS. It’s your time to check whether these rocks are found
in your surroundings. Be prepared to be ROCK Detectives and
search for at least 3 unique and beautiful rocks in your home
garden. List down their physical characteristics and try to
identify whether they are igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic
rocks. Share pictures of your rocks and your answers in our
chat box tomorrow.
 Closing Spiel:
In this difficult times caused by the
PANDEMIC, may all of us portray the
characteristics of ROCKS. Formed and
honed by various circumstances but in the
end, stayed strong and beautiful. Thank
you very much, and let us all ROCK!