Ministry Of Higher Education

and Scientific Research

Knowledge University
Petroleum Engineering Dep.

Fundamental of Drilling
Engineering

3rd Stage

Drilling Rig Components

( Hoisting System )

Prepared by :
Ahmed R. Bajalan
BSc , MSc. Petroleum Engineering
Email : ahmedeng1986@yahoo.com
 Rotary Drilling Rig Components

 Rotary drilling rig can be grouped into 6 types of system :

 Hoisting system
 Circulation system
 Rotary control system
 Power system
 Well control system
 Well monitoring system .
  Hoisting system
 The tools are used to to raise and lower whatever
equipment's may go into or come out of the well.
 In particular , the hoisting system is used to raise
and lower
 Drilling string
 Casing
 Subsurface equipment's
 Bit when need to be changed

- Drawworks
The hoisting system is made up of : - Derrick
- Crown block
- Travelling Block
- Hook and Wire rope.
1. Drawworks

 The drawworks is a mechanism commonly known as

a hoist . The main purpose of the drawworks is to lift
the drilling string out of and to lower it back into the
borehole .

 The drill line is reeled (spooled) on drum is

Drawwork
drawworks .
 One outstanding feature of the drawowrks is the
BRAKE system , which enable the driller to easily
control load of thousand of pound of drill pipe and
casing.
 An integral part of the drawworks is the GEAR (transmission) system . This
gives the driller a wise choice of speeds for hoisting the drilling.
Another feature of the drawowrks are the
two CATHEAD ( is a shaft with a lifting
head that extend on either side of the
drawworks ) and has two major functions :
1. Makeup cathead
Drawwork
located on the driller side . It is used to spin
up and tighten the drill pipe joints .

2. Breakout cathead
located on the opposite side of the driller position . It is used to loosen
the drill pipe when the drill pipe is withdrawn from the borehole
 2. Derrick

 It is vertical structure that allows vertical clearance

and strength to raise and lower the drill string .
 This structure withstand two type of loading
compressive loading and wind loading

 Rig are generally sized by how many stand they can hold
in their derrick
- Triple ( has the capacity of pulling 90` stand of pipe)
- Double( has the capacity of pulling 60`stands of pipe)
- Single ( has the capacity of pulling 30` stand of pipe)
3. Crown Block
Sheaves
• An assembly of sheaves or pulleys mounted
on beam at the top of derrick .

• The wire rope drilling line is run over the sheaves

down to the hoisting drum.
• It is used to :
 Enhances the power of the oil derrick
 Help workers drill deeper and extract more oil
Drilling line

• Depending on the size of derrick and the depth it must

drill , an oil rig may use either a single or double crown
block .
 4. Travelling block

• It is freely moving section of block and tackle that

contain an arrangement of pulleys or sheaves
through which drilling cable is reeved back to the
stationary crown block located on the top of
derrick.
• This pulley system gives great mechanical
advantage to the action of the wire rope drilling
line , enabling heavy load ( drill string , casing and
..etc ) to be lifted out of or lowered into the
wellbore .
5. Hook
• It is high capacity ( J ) shaped equipment used to
hang various other equipment particular the swivel
and Kelly .
• The hook is attached to the bottom of the travelling
block and provides a way to pick up heavy load with
the traveling block .
6. Fastline and Deadline

• Fast line is the part of the cable that run from the
drawworks to the crown block and that moves as the
traveling block is raised or lowered.
• Deadline run from the crown block to the storage reel
and is secured by the deadline anchor
7. Elevator
• A set of clamps that grips a stand , It is used
when running , or pulling , the drilling string or
casing into or out of the hole , are also
connected to the travelling block .

Animated explanation video of hoisting system

 Derrick load calculation (Block and Tackle system)
Static Derrick Load
Load Analysis using free body diagram on traveling block under
static condition
  𝑾 = 𝑵 ×𝑻
Where : 𝒇
W= Hook Load
N = Number of drilling lines in a travelling block
Tf = Tension of fastline Td = dead line tension ( Have the same
value because the same tension in the drilling line )

Static derrick load equates to summation of fast line

tension , dead line tension and hook load . We can
describe into the following equation.
𝐅𝐃=𝐓𝐟
  +𝐖 +𝐓𝐝
Where :
FD : Static derrick load.
Tf : Fast Line Tension.
Td : Dead Line tension.
W : Hook load.
  

Dynamic Derrick Load

Under dynamic condition , friction in sheave bearing and block lines make the
fast tension higher than the dead line tension . It means that the fast line
tension will increase under a dynamic condition . However , the dead line
tension remain the same because it is still in static condition
The Fast line tension under dynamic environments can be described as the
equation below : 𝑻𝒇
  =𝑾 /( 𝑬 × 𝑵 )
Where
Tf= Fast line tension W= block weight N= Number of lines E = Efficiency
Number of lines Efficiency (E)
6 0.874
8 0.842
10 0.811
12 0.782
14 0.755
 Derrick load under dynamic condition is also equal to the summation of
hook load , dynamic fast line tension and dead line tension as described in
the equation below
  𝑭𝑫=𝑻𝒇 +𝑾 +𝑻𝑫
Derrick efficiency factor can be determined by :

Maximum equivalent load (Fde) can be determined by :

  )W
 Exercise #1
Buoyed weight of the drill string is 260000 lb which will be pulled out
of the hole . Weight of travelling block and hook is 40000 lb . The rig
has 10 lines strung in crown block and traveling block . Calculate the
total weight of derrick ? And the Derrick efficiency ?
Solution
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………............
  Hoisting system Design Consideration
 
1. The input power (Pi) of the block and tackle is equal to

Ff = Drawwork load
Vf = Velocity of fast line

 
2. The output power or hook power (Po) is equal to

Fh = Traveling block (hook) load

Vh = Velocity of traveling block.

 
3. The power efficiency
 
4. The total derrick load

Ff = fast line load

Fd = dead dline load
Fh = Hook load

 
5. Maximum equivalent derrick load (Fde) is equal to

N=number of drilling line

 
5. Derrick efficiency factor (Ed) define as the ratio of the actual derrick
load to the maximum equivalent load
 
6. Friction between the wire rope and sheaves reduce the efficiency of the
hoisting system. The efficiency factor (E) during for the hoisting system could
be calculated by:

K = sheave and line efficiency per sheave .

 
7. If the breaking strength of the drilling line is known , then a design
factor DF can be calculated by :

N=number of drilling line

 
Example 2 :

Calculate the efficiency factor for a hoisting system employing 8 string lines.

Assume the value of K to be 0.9615.

Solution :
Note :
The rig must be evaluated with respect to block and tackle system to
ensure that it meets the designed safety requirements. Specifications
for safety factors are as follows:

Calculated load rating (tons) Tensile strength design , ( Safety factor)

0-150 4.00
151-500 4-
501 - ........ 3.00
501 - ........ 3.00

Where :
R = calculated load rating in tons . The maximum load rating of the pipe
must be calculated before apply the safety factor and evaluating the
equipment rating
Example 2 :
A 9 5/8 inch, 53.5 Ib/ft casing string is to be set at 13500 ft in 14.8 ppg
mud. The rig intended for the well has a 350 ton block and tackle
system. The casing is filled with mud as it is run. Calculate the designed
equipment rating.
Solution :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Solution :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 3 :
A rig must hoist a load of 300000 Ib. The draw works can provide an
input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines
are strung between the crown block and the traveling lock.
Calculate:
1) The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending.
2) The maximum hook horsepower available ( P output).
3) The maximum hoisting speed.
4) The actual derrick load.
5) The maximum equivalent derrick load.
6) The derrick efficiency factor.
 Solution :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------