Architecture

Architecture

 This is the most useful art and prerequisite for

other arts. It is the art and method of erecting
structures. it is a body and corpus of work; it is
a way to build.
 According to a Roman architect- Vitruvius ( 1st
Century by Sir Henry Wotton - architecture
was a building that incorporated utilitas,
firmittas, and venustas.
 Thisdefinition recognizes that architecture
embraces functional, technological, and
aesthetic requirements because it must have
commodotie ( utilitarian qualities ), firmness (
structure ability and sound construction), and
delignte ( attractive appearance ).
Historical Background of Architecture

 Architecture highly speaks of a country and its people

and signifies their lifestyles, character, culture and
traditions, their motives and beliefs like in any other
forms of art.
 Architecture is more readily grasped by studying its
development in successive of historical periods, noting
the general characteristic of each, the development of
building techniques from one era to the next as well as
from one culture to the next, and noting the evolution
of each successive architecture style.
Egyptian Architecture (3000-1000 BC )

 Egyptian architecture was dependent on

religion. They say that “ Ka “ or “ vital forces “
lives in every human being, but once the body
is destroyed , the “ vital forces “ are also
destroyed. To preserves the “ vital forces” in
the body, they built pyramids together with
temples.
 Egyptian Architecture Style is described as
mammoth rectangular plans of limestone
with stopping pylons with gorge molding. it
has bud and flower capitals for post-and lintel
construction and monumental obelisks and
sphinxes fronting pylons. It is a relief
sculpture on walls and columns.
Pyramid of Giza
Rock all around on the way to up
The entrance
Tunnel of Pyramid
Inside of Great Pyramid
Narrow Way Inside The Pyramid Giza
Great Pyramid Of King Cheops
Statue of Khufu
King Khufu also known as Cheop
Pharaohs of Alexandria – one of the Seven Wonders of
the world and the most famous lighthouse in antiquity.
400 ft. high lighthouse that guided the sailors.
Mesopotamian Architecture

 The most distinguishing characteristic of

the Mesopotamian, Babylonians, and
Assyrians is the ziggurat. This tower is
built at successive levels with one hump
leading from one platform to the next.
Ziggurat
•Hanging Garden of Babylon - - was one of the Seven
Wonders of the Ancient world; built in loving memory of
the wife of King Nebuchadnezzar.
The condominiums built in modern times that have hanging
Gardens on its level and its rooftop.
Arcadia Condo
Planeta Hotel at Barcelona
Greek Architecture ( 600-100 BC )

 Thisarchitecture style of the Greek was

greatly influenced by their invaders, the
Dorian, Ionian, and Aeolian tribesmen
from the North.
 Greek Architecture Style. This is relatively small
rectangular plan of marble with entablature of
pediment, cornice, frieze and architrave. It has
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian capitals on fluted
columns for post and lintel with color and
gilding on statuary details. There is
mathematical approach to symmetry as well as
refinements of proportion to create illusions,
e.g. entasi
Frieze
Gilding
Doric Capitals on fluted columns
Corinthian Capitals fluted columns
Ionic Capital
Parthenon Temple – was built in honor of Athena
Parthenos, the patron goddes of Athens, 2500 years ago.
Artemis Temple – it was built in honor of Artemis, the
Goddess of wild animal.
Modern Temple of Artimes
Roman Architecture

 Roman architecture was based on Greek

Architecture with notable changes.
Structures like civic buildings, baths, law
courts, amphitheaters, aqueduct, and bridges
are as visible as the temples.
 Roman Architecture Style. This is described as
rectangular and circular plans of pozzuolana and
stucco. It applies the engineering principles of
arch in dome on drum, barrel molting and groin
vaulting, as well as fluted, free-standing and
engaged columns, and pilasters with Greek
orders.
 It covers ceiling over large spaces with triangular,
circular, and broken sedimentation. It has also
decorative medallions and keystones.
Dome on Drum
Medallions Pilasters
Groin Vaulting
Segovia Aqueduct – the arch, which was made of wedge-
Shaped stones and the columns are taller and thinner.
Pantheon Rome – the cement dome, wall decoration ,
Pavement of marble and porphyry, and the diameter
of rotunda are 142 feet.
Dome of Pantheon
Pavement of marble
Coliseum in Rome – a building the size of a modern
football stadium is where gladiators fought.
 Early Christian Architecture ( 400 – 700
A.D )

 Under Emperor Constantine I, another

innovation of Architecture began, and churches
were built for public worship.
 EarlyChristian Architecture Style. This style
has Roman basilica plan of center aisle, one or
two side aisles, and apse, as well as plain
buttressed façade, sometimes with small round
window and compound arches. The campanile
or bell tower is disengaged from façade with
square covered ceilings and the interior is
marble and mosaics. It also has variation of
Roman orders, such as basket capitals.
Roman Basilica – has a clerestory from the windows, aisles
between columns, the nave between the two walls with columns,
the apse which was a semi- circular altar with an arch above it.
Center aisle
Central area
Altar
Dome
Santo Spirito, Florence –built in 1436, the flooring of
the church was made like a cross, and there are many
big columns with an arch between two columns.
Altar
 THE END…---
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