PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS

BY
FLANK PROTECTION
Methods Of Flank Protection

• Setting of Points in Flank

• Setting a Safe Overrun and Overlap
• Diverting an Overrun away by Soft Calling
• Diverting an Overrun away by Automatic
Point restoration
• Pseudo Point to Point Locking
Flank Protection By Setting Of Points

Setting of Points, not in the route under consideration,

to ensure that if a train irregularly overruns a signal on
a line which may converge with a legitimate route, that
where available, points are set so as to divert the
overrunning train away from a possible ‘Head On’ or
‘Side’ collision.

Ref: RT/E/G/00028
Figure 1 : simple left hand double junction
Figure 2 : left hand single lead - parallel junction
Figure 3 : complex junction
Safe Overrun

Setting of points in a junction (usually by the

outer Signal or Automatically by self
restoration), such that if the Junction Protecting
signal is overrun by a train, it will be diverted
to a safe place where a collision with a
legitimate train is least likely.

Ref: RT/E/G/00028
 Extended Overrun

Setting a safe overrun, which extend in

advance of the overlap through a junction to
a safe destination by the following methods

a) Points beyond overlap hard called “N or R”

b) Points beyond overlap set “N or R” or forward route set.

c) Points beyond overlap soft called “N or R”

d) Points beyond overlap self restored to “N or R”

Points beyond overlap Hard called Normal

9 11
DN MN
24 Up Main
25

12 10

Route 9 11, Hard call points 24N and 25N

Route 10 12, require points 24/25N or FRS

Points beyond Overlap Hard called Reverse

7 9 21

25
24

10

Route 7 9, Hard call points 21 Reverse

Points beyond Overlap set ‘N’ or
Forward route set

3 5

17
18

Route 3 5 requires points 17 & 18 set ‘N’

or
Forward route(5B) set
Points beyond Overlap set ‘R’ or
Forward route set

11 15
50

Route 11 15 requires points 50 set ‘R’

or
Forward route(15B) set
Points beyond Overlap Soft called Normal

6 8

21
22

Route 6 8 soft calls points 21&22 Normal

when hard calling is too restrictive
Points beyond Overlap soft called Reverse

10 12
52

Route 10 12 soft call points 52 R

when hard calling is too restrictive
Conditional Flank protection
199 215

805 51
50
387 47 52
208

a) Routes to 208 require 50R OR no train approaching 387 / 805.

b) Route 199 requires 50N OR no train approaching 387 / 805.
c) Routes 387 / 805 and Routes to 387/805 hard call 52R.
d) 50 Self restored Normal.
e) 52 Self restored Reverse.
THANK YOU