Science and Technology

in the World

K.H. Saputil
 Ancient Age: Three-
Age System
Introduced by Christian Jurgensen
Thompsen in the early 19th century.
Proposed the prehistorical
periods:
 Stone Age
 Bronze Age
 Iron Age

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Stone Age (2.5 mya
– 3000 BC)
 Period of weapons made of
stone, wood, bone or some
other materials aside from
metals.
 Subdivided by John Luhbock
into Paleolithic and Neolithic
periods
 Mesolithic period was
introduced by John Allen
Brown in 1892
 Stone Age (2.5 mya – 3000 BC)

Paleolithic (“Old Stone”) Period

- longest phase of human history
- period when humans suggested to evolve from
an ape-like creature to a true Homo sapiens.
- nomadic hunter-gatherers
- used tools made of stones, flints, bones, and
antlers
Stone Age (2.5 mya – 3000 BC)

Paleolithic (“Old Stone”) Period

Lower Middle Upper
Paleolithic Paleolithic Paleolithic
Period Period Period
 Stone Age (2.5 mya –
3000 BC)
Paleolithic (“Old Stone”) Period
 Lower Paleolithic Period
- marked the age of human evolution
- development of simple tools like stone
choppers
- Australopithecus
- Old stone tools made by Homo erectus
Stone Age (2.5 mya – 3000 BC)
 Stone Age (2.5 mya – 3000 BC)
Paleolithic (“Old Stone”) Period
 Middle Palaeolithic Period
- encompassed the cultural
development of Neanderthal man
- cavemen, which used fire, stone
tools of flake types for hunting, and
bone implements such as needles
- evidence of painting of the
dead (religious practice)
 Stone Age (2.5 mya – 3000 BC)
Paleolithic (“Old Stone”) Period
 Upper Paleolithic Period
- Variety culture of Homo sapiens
groups (e.g. Cro-Magnon man,
Grimaldi man, etc).
- Communal hunting, extensive
fishing, supernatural beliefs, cloth
sewing, sculpture, painting, and
ornamentals out of bones and horns
 Stone Age (2.5 mya – 3000 BC)

Mesolithic (“Middle Stone”) Period

- gradual transition in how humans live
- people began to learn fishing along
rivers and lake shores, make pottery and
use of bow.
- gradual transition from food
gathering to agriculture or food
processing

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

 Neolithic (“New Stone”) Period
Stone - cultural and technological
development based on agriculture
Age (2.5
- Wide domestication of plants
mya – and animals
3000 - use of stone tools, pottery and
BC) weaving
- rise of urban civilization.
Bronze Age (3000 BC
– 1200 BC)
-Tools and weapons were widely
made with copper and bronze,
achieved through smelting
- Discovered by Sumerians of
Mesopotamia
- Bronze tools
 Iron Age (1500BC – 450 AD)

Tools and Smelting pits made Iron technology

weapons were advancement to diffused slowly
widely made produce higher in parts of
with iron temperature that could Africa and the
smelt the iron ore. world.
Middle Ages (450AD – 1450 AD)

High
Dark Ages Middle
Ages
 Middle Ages (450AD –
1450 AD)

Dark Ages (450-1000 AD)

- No scientific accomplishments
had been made, no great art
produced, no leaders born.
- Barbarism
- “Black Death” (the bubonic
plague) killed some 20 million
people in Europe (30% of
continent’s population)
 High Middle Ages
China (Science)

Circle Bronze
Farming

Silk Production Concave and Acupuncture

convex mirror
 High Middle Ages
• China (Technology)

Paper Mechanical
clock

Seismograph
Wheel barrow Gun and gun powder
Middle Ages (450AD – 1450 AD)

Europe
• Feudal System
• Cathedral schools (Oxford, Cambridge)
Technology
• Horse collar, Clock, Magnetic compass, watermill,
gun powder and cannon
 Middle Ages
India
• A year was divided into 12 months with a
total of 360 days
• they practiced the mathematical equations
and values
• Medicines based on appearance
• metallurgy
 Pre-Columbian America
Three groups of people
1. Maya (ancient natives of Central America)
2. Aztec (pre-Columbian Indians of Mexico)
3. Incas (pre-Columbian of Peru)
 Pyramids Cocoa beans Calendar

Mayan (ancient natives of Central America)

 High Temples Calendar

Aztec (pre-Columbian Indians of Mexico)

Incas (pre-Columbian of Peru)

Farming Ilama and

alpaca
Scientific Revolution
(1440-1690 AD)
1. Universal Model by Nicholas
Copernicus
2. Law of Planetary Motion by Johannes
Kepler
3. Work of Motion by Galileo Galilei
4. Law of Motion by Isaac Newton
5. Law of Universal Gravitation by Isaac
Newton
Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1895 AD)
Covers the complex technological innovations that
led to the substitute of machines and inanimate
power for human skills
Textile (fly shuttle)
Coal, iron, and steel (blast furnace)
Transportation (steam boat)
Communication (telephone)
Lighting ( gas lighting)
Agriculture (marling practice)
 Connection between
science and
technological was very
18th to minimal

19th
Gradually shifted to
Century developmental stage
when science,
technology, and
industry united
 18th to 19th Century

• Physics
Alessandro Volta- Cell or battery
• Chemistry
Benjamin Franklin- Distinguished negative and positive charges
• Biology
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- discovery of microorgansm
Louis Pasteur- vaccine against rabies
Martinus Beijenrinck- discovery of first known virus
 • Science and technology had structurally
and methodologically changed
Physics
Albert Einstein- Theory of Relativity
John Bardeen- Theory to explain
superconductivity
Astronomy
20th Edwin Hubble- presentation of galaxies as
huge aggregation of stars
Century Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin- first walk
on the moon
Chemistry
Mikhail Tsvet- Paper chromatography
Biology
James Watson & Francis Crick- DNA
structure
 Information Age (Digital Age, or
New Media Age)
• Changed from traditional industry to an economy
based
• Johannes Gutenberg – movable type printing
 • Before the printing press,
books were written and
produced by hand
Pre- • Books are restricted only to
Gutenberg people who can afford known
World as elite groups
• Information was only relayed
through a word-of-mouth
channels
 Gutenberg principle
is to have access and
pass the information
to every individual

Gutenberg
Access was
Revolutio expensive
n

Books were printed

including religious
books on the
medieval period
 Rise of Digital Age
1. Computers by Charles Babbage
2. The Internet by Virton Cerf and
Robert Kahn
3. World Wide Web by Tim Berners-
Post- Lee
4. Electronic Mail or E-mail claimed
Gutenberg by Shiva Ayyadurai
World 5. Facebook by Mark Zuckerberg
6. Twitter by Jack Dorsey, Noah
Glass, Biz Stone and Evan
Williams
7. Google by Larry Page and Sergey
Brin