reflective

Teaching
Leo m. atienza
SAN CELESTINO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Schools division of lipa city
Six Core Components of Teacher
Richards (2002)
Knowledge
1. Practical Knowledge
2. Content Knowledge
3. Contextual Knowledge
4. Pedagogical Knowledge
5. Personal Knowledge
6. REFLECTIVE KNOWLEDGE
What is reflective
KNOWLEDGE?
> teacher’s capability
to reflect on and
assess his/ her own
practice in teaching.
What is reflective
teaching ?
Reflective teaching means
thoughtfully, carefully, and
to

responsibly contemplate on our

way of teaching, to self-assess, to
plan and do what needs to be
done.
What is
reflection?
Reflection is a practice is a
metacognitive strategy that helps
teachers think critically upon
their experiences, actions and
decisions during the teaching
processes.
What is reflective
teaching ?
Reflective Teaching means
looking at what you do in the
classroom and giving it a meaning
by attaching the ‘why’ question to
‘what’ you go through.
What is reflective
teaching ?
You may empower your
students to ask these ‘why’
questions to their
classroom experiences.
What is reflective
teaching?
You start by recognizing that
you and your students are key
persons in learning environment.
What is reflective
teaching
Your being?in the classroom
must make sense to you and
your students.
What is reflective
teaching ?
Your relived/recalled experiences
as a teacher and those of your
students are explored and
evaluated to let you fulfill your
mission and vision in the teaching
profession.
What is reflective
teaching?
Richard (1990) argues that
reflective is a move beyond the ordinary
to a higher level of awareness of how
teaching and learning take place. This
demands that you and your students be
involved in a process of self-observation
an self-evaluation.
What is reflective
teaching?
Thus, you and your students must
gather information on your practice and
experiences. This information is
organized, analyzed and interpreted to
identify what beliefs, assumptions and
values are attached to your practices
and experiences.
What is reflective
teaching? With reflective
teaching, we can identify
and troubleshoot,
with confidence,
classroom problems.
What is reflective
teaching ?
With reflective teaching,
we can make
necessary adjustments
with instruction.
What is reflective
teachingWith reflective teaching,
?
we are guided as to what
our next steps should be:
what and how to refine, what to
delete, and what to add in all
aspects of our teaching.
What is reflective
teaching?
With reflective teaching,
we’ll know how we
can improve professionally.
What is reflective
teaching ? reflective teaching,
With
the cycle of planning,
doing, checking and acting
or continuous improvement is
reinforced over and over again.
What is reflective
teaching ? reflective teaching,
With
we can share insights,
“lessons learned” and “best
practices” with co-educators
and grow with each other.
Characteristics OF reflective
teaching?
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

1 COLLECT
DATA
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

2 ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

3
EVALUATE
DATA

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT

3
EVALUATE
DATA

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT PLAN

5
3
EVALUATE
DATA

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT PLAN

5
3 6
EVALUATE MAKE
DATA DECISION

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT PLAN

5
3 6
EVALUATE MAKE
DATA DECISION

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
ACT

7
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT PLAN

5
3 6
EVALUATE MAKE
DATA DECISION
OBSERVE

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
ACT

7
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT PLAN

5
3 6
EVALUATE MAKE
DATA DECISION
OBSERVE

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
ACT

7
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT PLAN

5
3 6
EVALUATE MAKE
DATA DECISION
OBSERVE

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
ACT

7
Cycle flow of reflective teaching

4 REFLECT PLAN

5
3 6
EVALUATE MAKE
DATA DECISION
OBSERVE

2
ANALYZE
DATA

1
COLLECT
DATA
ACT

7
 Advantages of reflective
•teaching
make teachers more aware what they actually do,

• promote collegial sharing if the data collected in

professional contexts involving other teachers,
like team-teaching,

• from the insight teachers get through reflection,

they can actually improve their teaching,
Advantages of reflective
teaching
• getting insight and improving teachers’ practice
may help experienced teachers overcome
burnout,

• affirm teachers’ current practice (or part of it),

and

• help teachers make connection between theory

and practice.
Disadvantages of reflective
teaching
• time consuming, and

• teachers can discover

uncomfortable information
about their own work when they
practice reflective teaching.
Process and Tools
• a. Mapping. What do I do as a teacher?
• b. Informing. What is the meaning of my teaching?
What did I intend?
• c. Contesting. How did I become to be this way?
How was it possible for my present view of
teaching to have emerged?
• d. Appraisal. How might I teach differently?
• e. Acting. What and how shall I now teach?
Benefits of reflective teaching
 FOR TEACHERS
 Professional Growth
 Enhance Innovation
 Facilitate Teaching
 Boost Teacher-Student Relationship
 Make Lessons More Lively and Interesting
 Enhance Problem Solving
 Boost Classroom Democracy
Benefits of reflective teaching
 FOR STUDENTS
 Improve Student Performance
 Boost Engagement in Class
 Develop Critical Thinking and Coping Skills
 Enhance Student Motivation
 Improve Overall Effectiveness
the REFLECTIVE
TEACHER
• Understand the things that influence
the way he/she teaches. Things such
as:
1.practical theories about teaching
2.the teaching context
3.knowledge, attitudes, values
What does a reflective teacher
do?
• Solves problem in the classroom
• Aware of the assumptions he/she brings to
teaching
• Understands the institutional and cultural
context of his/her teaching
• Participates in curriculum development and
school change
• Seeks professional development opportunities
ASSUMPTIONS OF
REFLECTIVE
 Reflective teachersTEACHING
are knowledgeable about
THEORY
pedagogy (methods and theories of teaching)
 We can learn a lot about teaching from self-
inquiry
 Much of what happens during teaching in
unknown to the teacher
 Experience is not enough to grow as a teacher
 Reflection can give us a deeper
understanding of the teaching process
Results of becoming reflective
teachers
 Teachers develop a deeper, better “schemata”
of teaching.
 Teachers have better pedagogical reasoning
skills.
 Teachers are better at improvisation in the
classroom.
 Teachers become better decision makers in
the classroom because they know what can
influence learning outcomes.
THE STEPS
How to begin?

What to do next?
How To begin?
Teacher/
Reflective
Diary
How To begin?
Teacher/
Reflective
Diary Student
Feedback
 How To begin?
Teacher/
Reflective
Diary Student
Feedback
Peer
Observation
 How To begin?
Teacher/
Reflective
Diary Student
Feedback
Peer
Observation
Recording
Lesson
How To begin?
Teacher/reflection
• The easiest way to being the process of
Diary
reflection since it is purely personal about
what happened.
• Describe your own reactions and
feelings and those you observed on the
part of the students.
• A certain discipline in taking the
time to do it in regular basis.
How To begin?
How To begin?

Student
• You can also ask your students what
feedback
they think about what goes on in the
classroom.
• Students opinions and perceptions can add a
different and valuable perspective.
• It can be done with simple questionnaires or
learning diaries.
How To begin?

Peer
• Invite colleague to come into your class to
observation
collect information about your lesson.
• This may be with a simple observation
task or through note taking.
• It will relate back to the are
you have identified to reflect
upon.
How To begin?
Recording
• Video or audio recording lessons can provide
lessons
very useful information for reflection.
• Teacher can do things in class he/she is
not aware od or there may be things
happening in the class that as the teacher
do not normally see.
• Video recordings can be useful in showing
teacher’s aspect of his/her behavior.
What to do next?

Think talk Read Ask

What to do next?

Think
• You may have notice pattern occurring in your
teaching and previously unaware of.
• You may have been surprised by some of
your students’ feedback.
• You may already have ideas for changes to
implement.
What to do next?

talk
• You may able to come up with some ideas for how
to do things differently.
• You can meet to discuss issues when a
colleague wishes to develop their teaching
using reflection as a tool.
• You can discuss which ones you agree or
disagree with and which one are reflected in
your own teaching giving evidence from your
self-observation.
What to do next?

read
• You may decide that you need to find out
more about a certain area.
• You can find articles on a wide range
of topic in many reading materials
printed and digital.
What to do next?

ask
• Pose questions to websites or
magazines to get ideas from other
teachers.
• If you have local teachers’ association
or other opportunities for in-service
training, ask for a session on an area
that interests you.
 reflective
Teaching
is a CYCLICAL PROCESS,
because once you start to
implement changes, then the
reflective and
evaluative cycle begins
Thank You