AnatoMY OF SEED AND FRUIT

Created by

ESTER YULINAR BR SARAGIH

MONICA LUMBANTOBING
NOVIANTI PANJAITAN
VERONIKA TURNIP

BILBIO’17
MEANING OF SEED
 SEED
Seeds (Latin: semen) are ovules from mature flowering plants. Seeds can be protected by
other organs (fruit, in Angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) or not (in Gymnosperms). From an
evolutionary point of view, seeds are modified embryos or small plants so they can last
longer in conditions not suitable for growth.
 Structure Anatomy of seed

Cadangan
Lembaga (embrio) Kulit biji (testa)
Makanan
 Lembaga (embrio)

Institution (embryo) is a network that is a young sporophyte, namely a plant that will develop if the
environmental conditions are appropriate. In some of the plant plants it has chloroplasts and is
green.
 Lembaga (embrio)

Development stage in Arabidopsis seeds. Visible differentiation in the embryo starts

from the globular shape, liver, torpedoes, stems, and adults.
Lembaga (embrio)
Lembaga (embrio)
Lembaga (embrio)
Lembaga (embrio)
 Cadangan Makanan

Food reserves are needed by new plants when they start

growing bigger. The form of nutrients stored varies depending
on the type of plant. In Angiosperms, this reserve originates
from a network called endosperm, which originates from the
parent plant through a process of double fertilization. Food
reserves in growing seeds can occur from cells thin walls with
large vacuoles containing backup substances. Endosperms
which are usually triploid are rich in vegetable oils or starch and
protein.
 FOOD STORAGE
Based on the presence of endosperm, seeds can be divided
into:
1.Exalbuminous seeds, are seeds that contain only a little
endosperm or none at all. Some examples are bean seeds
(such as beans, kidney beans, and peas), tides, turnips, and
sunflowers.
2. Albuminous seeds, are seeds that contain endosperm or
perisperm. Most are monocots (eg grasses and palms),
some are dicot (eg distance), and all Gymnosperms have
this type of albumina seed.
 Kulit Biji (testa)

The seed skin (testa) is located outside. Read further between modified ovules during
the making of seeds.
 Kulit Biji (testa)

Sarkotesta Sklerotesta Endotesta

(lapisan terluar) (lapisan bagian (lapisan terdalam,
tengah yang selaput tipis dan
tebal dan keras) berdaging)

Gnetum gnemon Sallaca edulis Punica granatum

In addition to the three main parts of the seeds
above, some species have additional parts in the
seeds they produce: for example salting the
seeds (arylus) in rambutan, hair on cotton, or a
kind of structure containing oil called elaiosome
(for example in castor seeds and various types of
seeds Other Euphorbiaceae). The seeds also
often have a sign of an umbilical cord called the
hilum (navel or center) and rafe (seed line).
 Meaning of Fruit
• Fruits are formed by seed plants to aid
in dispersing seeds
Fruit anatomy
 Types of Fruit
• Based on the structure of the fruit skin, the
fruit can be distinguished between :
1. Fleshy fruit
Fleshy fruit is a fruit that has thick and fleshy
2. Dried fruit
Dried fruit has thin fruit skin.
 Pericarp can be differentiated into two parts, the
outside is called ectocarp and the inner part is called
endocarp. In some fruits, pericarp, differentiates into
endocarp. In some fruits, the pericarp differentiates into
three parts, exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.
 Types of dry fruits
Capsule
(Poppy)

Legume
(Bean pod) Achene
Follicle (Sunflower)
Silique
(Columbine)
(Money Plant) Nut
(Hazelnut)
 Types of fleshy fruits

Drupe Pome Pepo

(Peach) (Apple) (Cucumber)

Berry Aggregate Multiple

(Tomato) (Strawberry) (Pineapple)
Fruit formation process
THANK YOU