Foundation of

growth and •By:

•Ayman Barghash
development •Marah Aydi
: •Khaled Alhawamdeh
•Bayan Qawaqneh

7-Childhood
obesity
 outlines
 Definition of childhood obesity and body mass index (BMI).

 Causes of childhood obesity.

 Health risks and health future risks.

 Treating childhood obesity.

 Definition of Childhood
obesity
Obesity is abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that
presents a risk to health , childhood obesity is defined as a
BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of
the same age and sex .

BMI measurement :
BMI=weight in kilograms ÷ [height in meters]^2
Type of obesity related to BMI:
1. Underweight : less than 5th percent.
2. Normal : greater than the 5th percentile and less than 85th .
Definition of Childhood obesity
3.Overweight: at or above the 85th percentile and less
than 95th .
4.Obese: at or above the 95th percentile.

Percentages of obesity among children in

Jordan:
percent of childhood obesity in Jordan
about 8,8%.
Causes of Childhood
Obesity :
 Snack food :  include foods such as chips, baked
goods, and candy.( increase overall caloric intake) .

 Activity level : Each additional hour of television

per day increased the prevalence of obesity by 2% .

 Environmental factors: Other reasons parents

gave for driving their children to school included no
safe walking route, fear of child predators, and out
of convenience for the child .
Causes of Childhood
Obesity :
 Socio-cultural factors :  Our society tends to use
food as a reward, as a means to control others,
and as part of socializing

 Psychological factors: Depression and anxiety a

recent review concluded that the majority of
studies find a prospective relationship between
eating disturbances and depression.

 Genetic : this factor account for less than 5% of

cases ( it's not the cause of the dramatic
increase in childhood obesity).
 • Obesity during childhood can harm the body in a variety of
ways. Children who have obesity are more likely to have:
1. High blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are risk
factors for cardiovascular disease.
2. Breathing problems, such as asthma and sleep apnea.
3. Joint problems and musculoskeletal discomfort.
Health Risks of 4. Fatty liver disease, gallstones, and gastro-esophageal
reflux (i.e., heartburn).
childhood
obesity
 Childhood obesity is
also related to:

• Low self-esteem and lower

self-reported quality of life.
• Social problems such as
bullying and stigma.
Impact of obesity on childhood
psychosocial aspects of development
obese children are more prone to being
bullied, humiliated or ostracized, and they are
also more likely to engage in bullying behavior

Some bullied children are unable to follow

healthy nutritional plans because of their
emotional eating behaviors.

Fear of bullying may lead them to exercise less

and stay indoors.
Risks Future Health
Children who have obese are more likely to
become adults with obesity, Adult obesity is
associated with an increased risk of several
serious health conditions including heart
disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.
Treating childhood obesity

The methods for maintaining your child's current weight or losing weight
are the same
child needs to eat a healthy diet (both in terms of type and amount of
food).
Increase physical activity.
Healthy eating
• Parents are the ones who buy groceries, cook meals and decide where the
food is eaten, Even small changes can make a big difference in your child's
health.
•
Treating childhood obesity :

1. When food shopping, choose fruits and vegetables.

2. Limit sweetened beverages.
3. Limit fast food.
4. Sit down together for family meals.
5. Serve appropriate portion sizes.

Physical activity
• To increase your child's activity level:
1. Limit TV and recreational computer time to no more than 2 hours a day for children
older than.
2. Emphasize activity, not exercise.
3. Find activities your child like.
nursing management
providing nutritional advice.

offer strategies for decreasing caloric intake.

Encourage Childs to do more physical activity .

Explain why losing weight to a child is so important.

  Childhood obesity is (BMI) equal or greater than 95 percentile
for children of the same age and gender.
 The growing issue of childhood obesity can be slowed if society
focus on the causes.

Summary
 Health and psychological risks of obesity in children.
 Discrimination against obese individuals is a harmful, pervasive,
and significant social problem that needs to be addressed early,
concretely, and as part of a child’s or teen’s treatment
regiment.
 Before initiating a treatment plan, it is important to be certain
that the family is ready for change.
References
• Essential of pediatric nursing.

• Center for disease control and prevention.

• Narang I, Mathew JL. Childhood obesity and obstructive sleep

apnea. J Nutr Metab. 2012; doi: 10.1155/2012/134202

• Pollock NK. Childhood obesity, bone development, and cardio

metabolic risk factors. Mol Cell Endocrinal. 2015;410:52-63. doi:
10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.016