General Concepts in Science, Technology, and Society Module1

General Concepts in Science,
Technology, and Society

Historical Antecedents in the Course
of Science and Technology
ANCIENT TIMES
Part 2
Science and
Technology
make complex things simpler
12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 3

Science and
Technology
do more with too little effort and time

Science and
Technology
gradual improvements to earlier works

from various periods of time

Science and
Technology
driving force
behind continuous change
is the desire
to improve
people's quality of life

Objectives
At the end of this topic, the students should be able to:
 explain how science and technology have influenced
society and the environment and vice versa;

Objectives
 identify the inventions and innovations that have
changed the world throughout history; and

Objectives
 discuss advances in science and technology in the
Philippines.

ANCIENT TIMES
People were concerned with:

transport and navigation

ANCIENT TIMES

communication
and record keeping

ANCIENT TIMES

communication
and record keeping
mass production

ANCIENT TIMES

communication
and record keeping
mass production
security and protection

ANCIENT TIMES

communication
and record keeping
mass production
 health, aesthetics
ANCIENT TIMES

communication
and record keeping
mass production
 health, aesthetics
architecture and engineering
ANCIENT TIMES
Transport and Navigation

Shanks Pony (human feet)

ANCIENT TIMES

Donkeys and horses

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES

The first boats were dug
out of canoes. People lit a
fire on a large log, then
they put it out and dug out
the burnt wood.

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES

observing
the
landmarks

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES

watched the
constellations to
mark their position

ANCIENT TIMES
Communication and Record Keeping

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES
Mass Production

ANCIENT TIMES
Mass Production
Increased size and number
of nations connoted
increased demand for food and
other basic necessities

ANCIENT TIMES
Mass Production
Increased size and number of
nations connoted increased
demand for food and other
basic necessities

ANCIENT TIMES
Mass Production
Increased size and number of nations connoted
increased demand for food and other basic
necessities

ANCIENT TIMES
Security and Protection

ANCIENT TIMES

Sumerian "war wagon". It is a two-
man vehicle. One soldier did the
driving, the other soldier
did the fighting..

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES
Health

ANCIENT TIMES
Health
The conservation of life was the primary challenge
they faced.


ANCIENT TIMES
Health
The conservation of life was the primary challenge
they faced.

Survival was a big problem.

ANCIENT TIMES
Architecture and Engineering

ANCIENT TIMES

ANCIENT TIMES
Aesthetic

ANCIENT TIMES
Aesthetic

ANCIENT TIMES SUMMARY


Communication and record keeping


Mass production


Mass production
Security and protection


Mass production
Health, Aesthetics


Mass production
Health, Aesthetics
Major Technological Advancements
of Ancient Times

Sumarian Civilization

Cuneiform

Cuneiform
First writing system
Word
Pictures
triangular symbols
which are carved on clay using

wedge instruments and then
left to dry.
Cuneiform
It was based on pictographs

and other symbols used to
represent trade goods and
livestock on clay tablets.

Cuneiform
Sumarians communicate and

keep records of with great
historical value of their
everyday life

Uruk City

Uruk City

The Great Ziggurat of Ur


Irrigation and Dikes


Sumerians have created
dikes and irrigation canals
to bring water to farmland
and at the same time
control the floods of
the rivers.

This method was

considered to be one of
the most beneficial
engineering works
in the world.
12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali

Sailboat

Sailboat

Sailboat
At that time, the wheel was
not yet invented, the main
mode of transport was
through waterways such as
rivers and seas.

Sailboat
Boats have been used to

carry large quantities of
products and have been able
to cover long distances.

Sailboat
However, they wanted to
discover distant lands to settle
since the population was
growing, and the boats were
not enough to accommodate
more people and products.

Two-wheeled
carriage

Two-wheeled
carriage
Sumerian created the first two-
wheeled carriage in which the
driver drove a team of animals.

Two-wheeled
carriage
These wheels was not made
for transportation but for
farm work and food
processes.

Plow

Plow
As the plow breaks the

ground, the farmers would
just drop the seeds and farm
work would already be
done.

Plow
Farmers could cultivate larger

parcels of land faster, enabling
them to mass produce food
without taking so much effort
and time.

Road

Road
Sumarians developed the
first roads.
Flow of transport has

become faster and more
organized.
Road
They made the roads with
the same technology that
they used to make the sun-
baked bricks that they laid
down on the ground.

Road

Summary

Summary

Summary of
Contributions
Cuneiform
Uruk City
Sailboat
Two-wheeled carriage
Plow
Road.

Babylonians Civilization

Hanging Garden of Babylon

Structure made up of
layers upon layers of
gardens that contained
several species of
plants, trees, and vines.

According to the
legends, the great
Babylonians King
Nebuchadnezzar II built
the gardens for his
wife, Queen Amytis.


Summary of Contribution

Egyptians Civilization

Pyramid
Pyramid
is not the only
contribution of
Egyptian civilization to
the modern world
Pyramid
Egyptians have
contributed other
practical things that are
now considered
important by the world.

Paper or Papyrus

Paper or Papyrus
a plant that grew

abundantly along the river
Nile in Egypt.

Paper or Papyrus
create thin sheets on which
stuff could be written
lighter and smaller than the

clay tablets, it was easy to
hold and store it.

Paper or Papyrus

Ink
Ancient Egyptians mixed
vegetable gum, soot and bee
wax to produce black ink.

Ink
Eventually, the soot was
replaced by other ingredients,
such as red ochre, to produce
different shades of ink.

Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics


Cosmetics

Cosmetics
In ancient Egypt
cosmetics
was for both health and
aesthetics reasons

Cosmetics
They wore Kohl around the
eyes to prevent or even
cure eye disease

Wig

Wig
The wigs were used to

protect the shaved heads of
the wealthy Egyptians/ from
the harmful rays of the sun.

Wig
Better than putting on a scarf

or any other head cover since a
wig allowed heat to escape.

Water Clock/ Clepsydra

The amount of water

remaining in the device
determines how much time
has passed before it is
completed.
Time is calculated in the

process. The water clock was
commonly used as a
timekeeping system in ancient
times.
Summary

Summary of
Contributions
Pryramid
Papyrus
Ink
Hieroglypics
Cosmetics
Wig
Greek Civilization
Alarm
Clock

Greek Civilization
Alarm
Clock
The aim was to tell the
person when to stop or
when to start.

Greek Civilization
Alarm Clock
They used water (or

sometimes small stones or
sand) that fell into the drums
that sounded the alarm.

Greek Civilization
Alarm Clock

Greek Civilization
Water mill

Greek Civilization
Water mill

Greek Civilization
Water mill
They only required access to
rivers or flowing water where a
mechanism of a large wheel
with small “buckets” of water
attached to it could be
installed.
Greek Civilization
Summary

Greek Civilization
Summary of
Contributions
Alarm Clock
Water mill

Roman Civilization
Newspaper

Roman Civilization
Newspaper
The first newspapers, known
as gazettes, were engraved
on metal or stone tablets
and then publicly displayed.

Roman Civilization
Newspaper
With the advent of paper,
minutes of the proceedings
of the Roman senate were
done in shorthand.

Roman Civilization
Newspaper
These documents were
edited and released on the
same day they were
collected.

Roman Civilization
Book Bound or Codex

Roman Civilization
Book Bound or Codex

Roman Civilization
Book Bound or Codex

Julius Caesar started the tradition of
stacking up papyrus to form pages of
a book. Later on, they were able to
provide covers to protect the
papyrus.

Roman Civilization
Book Bound or Codex
Wax Animal skin
Codex – first book

Roman Civilization
Roman Architecture

Roman Civilization
Roman Architecture
Roman architecture was still
regarded as pioneering since
the Romans were able to adapt
new building and engineering
technology on architectural
designs established in the past.

Roman Civilization
Roman Architecture
Roman architecture was still
regarded as pioneering since
the Romans were able to adapt
new building and engineering
technology on architectural
designs established in the past.
preserve great and elaborate

12/16/2020
architectural designs
Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 130
Roman Civilization
Roman Clock

Roman Civilization
Roman Clock
Although the Roman numeral is no longer
widely used today due to its inherent
limitations, quite a number of enthusiasts
would still use it over other more popular
number system

Roman Civilization
Roman Clock
Although the Roman numeral is no longer
widely used today due to its inherent
limitations, quite a number of enthusiasts
would still use it over other more popular
number system
Hindu Arabic system, due to its

aesthetic and historical value.
Roman Civilization
Summary

Roman Civilization
Summary of
Contributions
Newspaper
Book Bound or Codex
Roman Architecture
Roman Numeral
Chinese Civilization
Silk

Silk
process to produce paper and clothing.

Silk
process to produce paper and clothing.
Silk production resulted in the creation of
a product for trade.

Silk
The silk trade opened China to the
outside world, making way for
cultural, economic, and scientific
exchanges.

Silk
The silk trade opened China to the outside
world, making way for cultural, economic,
and scientific exchanges.
It bridges the gap between the

western world and the middle
kingdom.
Tea

Tea
First tea was

drunk by a
Chinese
emperor

Tea
Tea production was
developed when
an unknown
Chinese inventor
created a machine
that was able to
shred tea leaves
into strips
Great Wall of China

Only man made structured
that could be seen from outer
space, the Great Wall of
China is said to be the largest
and most extensive
infrastructure that the nation
built.
Gun Powder

Gun Powder

Gun Powder
Ironically instead of prolong
life, gunpowder is widely
used to propel bullets from
guns and cannons which
cause countless deaths.

Gun Powder
On the other hand
gunpowder is also used in
fireworks during important
occasions in China.

Summary

Summary of
Contributions
Silk
Tea
Great Wall of China
Gun Powder
End of Module 1
Ancient Times
Compiled and Prepared by:
Prof. Marissa L. Umali
12/16/2020
Thank you.
Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 151
Next Topics :
Medieval / Middle
Ages
Modern Times
MODULE 1 TOPIC 1 REFERENCES:
Textbook:
MCNAMARA,SJ D.J, VALVERDE, V.M AND BELENO III,R. 2018. Science,
Technology, and Society, Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science
and Technology, Ancient Times, C & E Publishing, Inc. 3-26.

Other Printed Materials:
PRIETO,N.G, VEGA,V.A, FELIPE, E.F., MENESES,J.L. 2019. Science,
Technology, and Society, Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science
and Technology, Ancient Times, Lorimar Publishing, 1-2

Online Resources:
https://edoc.pub/syllabus-science-technology-and-society-pdf-free.html Retrieved on Aug. 26. 2020
http://www.localhistories.org/transport.html Retrieved on Aug.29, 2020
https://codeprojects.org/NmNx70tttwegnbYZt2t9nmOPK7JxrC0xIjZ6U17gKnA/howitsmade.html
Retrieved on Aug.29, 2020
https://sciencing.com/navigational-tools-were-used-year-1400-16808.html Retrieved on Aug.29, 2020
https://www.rochelleforrester.ac.nz/writing.html Retrieved on Aug.29, 2020
https://www.medlife.com/blog/ancient-medical-treatments/ Retrieved on Aug.29, 2020
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/ancient-near-east1/the-ancient-n
ear-east-an-introduction/a/cuneiform
Retrieved on Aug.30, 2020
https://omniglot.com/writing/sumerian.htm Retrieved on Aug.30, 2020
https://sumerianshakespeare.com/117701/118301.html Retrieved on Aug.30, 2020
https://interestingengineering.com/ancient-egyptian-technology-and-inventions Retrieved on Aug.30,
2020
https://www.ancient.eu/article/1061/cosmetics-perfume--hygiene-in-ancient-egypt/
TED Talk / Animation / Sample Simulations / Multimedia Attachments:
https://www.animatedimages.org/img-animated-walking-image-0006-166517.htm Retrieved from
Aug. 31, 2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=Donkeys+WALKING+.GIF&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiAq4bxsMXrA
hW6xIsBHd2yBZQQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Donkeys+WALKING+.GIF&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQDFCtlARYr5sEYK
GsBGgCcAB4AIABrAGIAawBkgEDMC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=y-RM
X8CZHLqJr7wP3eWWoAk&bih=650&biw=1024&client=firefox-b-d#imgrc=ZmssFhCwjdvWFM&imgdii=
dtpREEWAv5Hc2M
Retrieved from Aug. 31, 2020
https://www.google.com/search?
q=observing+landmark+on+seas+.GIF&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj3h5WsssXrAhVCYJQKHR-fBt4Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=observing+landmark+on+seas+.GIF&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoCCAA6BggAEAcQHjoECA
AQHlDFqQVYyf0FYPaBBmgAcAB4AYABiwOIAa8mkgEIMC4yMi4zLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8
ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=U-ZMX7eSNcLA0QSfvprwDQ&bih=650&biw=1024&client=firefox-b-
d#imgrc=VDpUWDEnM3sDPM&imgdii=omcQ-6iaR09cSM Retrieved from Aug. 31, 2020

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General Concepts in Science,

Technology, and Society

make complex things simpler

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 3

do more with too little effort and time

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 4

gradual improvements to earlier works

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 5

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 6

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 7

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 8

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 9

People were concerned with:

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 10

People were concerned with:

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 11

People were concerned with:

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 12

People were concerned with:

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 13

People were concerned with:

People were concerned with:

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 16

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 17

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 18

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 19

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 20

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 21

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 22

Transport and Navigation

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 23

Communication and Record Keeping

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 24

Communication and Record Keeping

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 25

Communication and Record Keeping

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 26

Communication and Record Keeping

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12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 30

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 31

Security and Protection

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 32

Security and Protection

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Security and Protection

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 34

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 35

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Survival was a big problem.

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 37

Architecture and Engineering

12/16/2020 Prepared by: Prof. Marissa L. Umali 38