Punto di partenza

In Lezione 4B you learned to form the passato

prossimo with avere. Some verbs, however, form }
the passato prossimo with essere.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-1

 • Form the passato prossimo of verbs that take
essere by pairing a present-tense form of essere
with the past participle of the primary verb. The
past participle must agree in gender and number
with the subject.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-2

 Teresa è andata Ragazze, a che ora siete andate
in macelleria. a casa?
Teresa went to the butcher shop. Girls, when did you go home?

Francesco non è mai andato I miei fratelli sono andati

in bicicletta. in gelateria.
Francesco has never ridden My brothers went to the ice
a bicycle. cream shop.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-3

 • Many verbs that take essere in the passato
prossimo express motion or lack of motion. You
have already learned several of these verbs: andare,
arrivare, partire, stare, tornare, uscire, and venire.

Giuseppe è uscito ieri sera. Quando sono arrivati i Bianchi?

Giuseppe went out last night. When did the Bianchis arrive?

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-4

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-5
 • In the passato prossimo, essere is also used
with verbs that express states of being or changes
of state.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-6

 I ragazzi sono saliti in autobus. La cuoca è diventata famosa
The boys got on the bus. nel 2010.
The chef became famous in 2010.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-7

 • Many verbs that take essere have irregular past
participles that must be memorized.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-8

Ieri sono rimasto a casa. Le amiche sono venute in
Yesterday I stayed home. pasticceria.
The friends came to the bakery.
Andrea Bocelli è nato nel 1958.  Piero Ottone e Paolo Villaggio
Andrea Bocelli was born in 1958. sono morti nel 2018. 
Piero Ottone and Paolo Villaggio
died in 2018.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-9

 • Essere and stare share the same past participle: stato.
Use context to determine which verb is
being used.
Non siete mai stati a Roma? Lele è stato a casa per cucinare.
You have never been to Rome? Lele stayed home to cook.
La tournée è stata un La scorsa settimana Patrizia e
successo straordinario.  Anna sono state male. 
The concert tour was an Patrizia and Anna were sick
extraordinary success. last week.

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-10

© by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5A.1-11