Codes and

Conventions
By:
BERNARDO, Eleina Bea L.
12th Grade – Leonhard Euler
Codes
- are system of signs that
when put together create
meaning.

Conventions
- in the media context, refers to a
standard or norm that acts as a
rule governing
behavior.
 2 Types of Codes
TECHNICAL SYMBOLIC CODES
- include sound, camera angles, types - include the language, dress or actions
CODES
of shots and lighting of characters, or iconic symbols that are
easily understood.
 Codes and Conventions for
Media and Information Texts
FORM OF MEDIA AND TYPE OF MEDIA AND CODES AND MEANINGS CONVEYED
INFORMATION TEXT INFORMATION TEXT CONVENTIONS
Written or printed Newspaper Words, language, font, Slant of stories may indicate
• news editorial punctuation, layout, bias of author; layout may
• columns positioning, etc. show importance of stories
Magazines and images.
• features
Books
• story plots
 FORM OF MEDIA TYPE OF MEDIA CODES AND MEANINGS
AND AND CONVENTIONS CONVEYED
INFORMATION INFORMATION
TEXT TEXT
Visual (still) Printed advertisements, Images drawn, Size and type of
billboards, posters, photographed, images may indicate
flyers, etc. computer-generated, emphasis; color and
color, layout, appeal, font may show recall
etc. and attention to details.
 FORM OF MEDIA TYPE OF MEDIA CODES AND MEANINGS
AND AND CONVENTIONS CONVEYED
INFORMATION INFORMATION
TEXT TEXT
Visual (moving) Electronic Electronic, animation, Camera angles convey
advertisements, films, TV, video and perspectives and
video, etc. computer screen contexts of visual
images; graphics and stories; sound conveys
special effects, camera the mood and the
shots, dialogues, setting of the story.
setting, etc.
 FORM OF MEDIA TYPE OF MEDIA CODES AND MEANINGS
AND AND CONVENTIONS CONVEYED
INFORMATION INFORMATION
TEXT TEXT
Audio Music, radio, jingles, Speech, sound effects, Melody and rhythm
and advertisements, silence, lyrics, melody, may evoke happiness,
etc. etc. sadness, seriousness,
etc.
 FORM OF MEDIA TYPE OF MEDIA CODES AND MEANINGS
AND AND CONVENTIONS CONVEYED
INFORMATION INFORMATION
TEXT TEXT
Multimedia Internet, tablet, mobile Texts, video, sound, Navigation and
phones, social media, graphics, animation, interactivity may show
etc. etc. regulation and control
in accessing certain
information.
 Guide Questions for Specific Media and
Information Texts
TYPE OF MEDIA AND
CREATOR
INFORMATION TEXT
News/Written • Who wrote this news
article?
• What is his/her background?
• What is his/her political
affiliation, or what media
organization does he/she
represent?
• What do you think is his/her
motive or purpose in writing
the news?
• Is he/she credible?
CONTENT CONSUMER
• What is the headline? • Who is the intended
• Does it capture the article? consumer or reader?
• Will the article appeal to
• What is the slant of the
him/her? Why or why not?
news? Is the slant objective
or subjective? • What will he/she gain from
the article?
• What politically charged
labels, adjectives, and verbs
are evident?
• What was covered and not
covered?
• Does it use politically
correct and gender-sensitive
language?
 TYPE OF MEDIA AND
CREATOR
INFORMATION TEXT
Advertisements • Who produced the
advertisement?
• What other products and
services does the advertiser
offer?
• What is the purpose of this
advertisement besides
feeling a product or service?
CONTENT CONSUMER
• Who are the people in the • Who is the intended
ad? consumer?
• What are the ad’s plot and • How will the advertisement
setting? entice the consumer to buy
the product or avail
• Does the ad conform to
themselves of the service?
contemporary culture?
• What needs or wants of the
• What signs and symbols are
consumer does the ad try to
used to represent the
satisfy?
product?
• Did it succeed? What is the
• What does the ad directly
and indirectly sell? ad’s effect on the consumer?
• What production techniques
were used to attract
attention?
 TYPE OF MEDIA AND
CREATOR CONTENT CONSUMER
INFORMATION TEXT
Films • Who produced the film? • What is the nature and type • Who is the intended
of film? consumer?
• What is his/her background
and orientation? • What is the story plot and • What emotions are likely to
setting of the film? be generated in the
• What is the producer’s main
consumer? Why?
objective in producing the • What is the message of the
film? film? • To what extent does it
confirm the consumer’s or
• Were the actors or actresses
viewer’s experience?
effective in conveying the
message? Why or why not?
• How do camera angles and
movements help shape the
story?
• What other cinematic
techniques were used to tell
the story?
 TYPE OF MEDIA AND
CREATOR
INFORMATION TEXT
Music • Who composed, played, or
sang the music?
• What are their backgrounds?
• Why did they put the music
together?
• Who released the recording?
• What other musical albums
did the company produce?
CONTENT CONSUMER
• What is the nature and type • Who should listen to the
of music? music? How did you know
they are the intended
• What is the message of the
listeners?
music? What do the lyrics
say? • Will this appeal to the
intended listeners? Why or
• What does the message say
about life? why not?
• Are the melody and the
rhythm appropriate in
conveying the message?
Why or why not?
• How will you describe the
musicality of the song?
 TYPE OF MEDIA AND
CREATOR
INFORMATION TEXT
Facebook/Internet Post • Who posted the Facebook
message or images?
• What does his/her profile
say about him/her?
• Are there security settings in
his/her account? What are
they?
• Why do you think he/she
posted it in Facebook?
CONTENT
• What is the Facebook post
all about?
• What words and images
were used to get your
attention? Can you copy
them? Why or why not?
• How will you store and
retrieve the words or image
that you have copied?
CONSUMER
• Do you think his/her friends
appreciate the post? Why or
why not?
• Are you envious? Did you
feel depressed?
• What did you get from such
Facebook post?
 Thank you for

From:
listening!
Group 3 – 12th Grade – Leonhard Euler
1. QUIOGUE, Madelene
2. PATDU, Aztee
3. BERNARDO, Eleina