CE 315

DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES-I

3 Hours per Week
No. of Credit: 3.0

WSD Method L
E
By C
Prof. Dr. Md. Jahangir Alam T
U
R
E

Department of Civil Engineering 30

Chittagong University of Engineering &
Technology
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 
1) Calculate
  𝒏   𝑬𝒔   𝒇𝒔
𝒌= Where, 𝒏= 𝒓=
𝒏 +𝒓 𝑬𝒄 𝒇𝒄
 
2) Calculate
  𝒌
𝒋 =𝟏 −
𝟑
3) Determine the Moment that can be resisted
by the beam if singly reinforced.
  𝟏 𝟐
𝑴 𝟏= 𝒇 𝒄 𝒌𝒋𝒃 𝒅
𝟐
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
4) Determine the corresponding steel area.
  𝑴 𝟏
𝑨 𝒔𝟏 =
𝒇 𝒔 𝒋𝒅  
5) Determine the remaining tensile as well as
compressive steel area.
  𝑨 𝒔𝟐 = 𝑨 𝒔 − 𝑨 𝒔 𝟏
6) Determine the stress in compressive steel.
  ′ 𝒌− 𝒅 ′/𝒅
𝒇 𝒔= 𝟐 𝒇 𝒔 ≤𝒇 𝒔
𝟏 −𝒌
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
7) Determine the moment provided by
compressive steel and the remaining tensile
𝑴steel.
  ′
𝟐 = 𝑨 𝒔 𝟐 𝒇 𝒔 ( 𝒅 − 𝒅 )
′ ′ Whichever is ′
  𝑴 𝟐= 𝑨 𝒔 𝒇 𝒔 ( 𝒅 − 𝒅 )
smaller
 
8) Determine the total moment capacity,
  𝑴 =𝑴 𝟏+ 𝑴 𝟐
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 04
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
Determine the moment capacity of the beam
section as shown in the figure.
𝟏𝟐
 
Given  𝟐 .𝟓
 𝑓 𝑦 =60,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
 𝑓 ′
= 4,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝟑¿𝟖
 
𝑐
𝟏𝟖
 
𝑓 𝑠=0.4 𝑓 𝑦 =24,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝟐𝟏
   

 𝑓 ′
𝑐 =0.45 𝑓 𝑐 =1,800 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝟒 ¿𝟏𝟎
 
 𝐸 6
𝑠 =29 × 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖
  𝐸 = 3.6× 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑐
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 04 : SOLUTION
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 
1) Calculate
  𝐸𝑠 29 × 10
6
𝒏= = 6
=𝟖 . 𝟎𝟔
𝐸 𝑐 3.6 × 10
  𝑓 𝑠 24
𝒓= = =𝟏𝟑 .𝟑𝟑
𝑓 𝑐 1.8
  𝑛 8.06
𝒌= = =𝟎 . 𝟑𝟕𝟕
𝑛+𝑟 8.06+13.33
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 04 : SOLUTION
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 
2) Calculate
  𝑘 0.377
𝒋 =1− =1 − =𝟎 . 𝟖𝟕𝟒
3 3
3) Determine the Moment that can be resisted
by the beam if singly reinforced.
 
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 04 : SOLUTION
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
4) Determine the corresponding steel area.
  𝑀1 (96)(12) 𝟐
𝑨 𝒔𝟏 = = =𝟑 .𝟎𝟓 𝒊𝒏
𝑓 𝑠 𝑗𝑑   24 (0.874)(18)
5) Determine the remaining tensile as well as
compressive steel area.
 𝑨 𝟐
𝒔𝟐 = 𝐴 𝑠 − 𝐴 𝑠1 = 4 ( 1.27 ) − 3.05=𝟐 .𝟎𝟑 𝒊𝒏
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 04 : SOLUTION
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
6) Determine the stress in compressive steel.
  ′ 𝑘− 𝑑 ′/𝑑
𝒇 𝒔= 2 𝑓 𝑠 ≤𝑓 𝑠
1 −𝑘
  0.377 − 2.5 / 18
¿ 2 ( 24 ) =𝟏𝟖 . 𝟑 𝒌𝒔𝒊 ≤ 𝑓 𝑠
1 − 0.377
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 04 : SOLUTION
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
7) Determine the moment provided by
compressive steel and the remaining tensile
  steel.

Smaller
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 04 : SOLUTION
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 
8) Determine the total moment capacity,
 

ANS.
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 
1) Calculate
  𝒏   𝑬𝒔   𝒇𝒔
𝒌= Where, 𝒏= 𝒓=
𝒏 +𝒓 𝑬𝒄 𝒇𝒄
 
2) Calculate
  𝒌
𝒋 =𝟏 −
𝟑
3) Determine the Moment that can be resisted
by the beam if singly reinforced.
  𝟏 𝟐
𝑴 𝟏= 𝒇 𝒄 𝒌𝒋𝒃 𝒅
𝟐
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
4) Determine the corresponding steel area.
  𝑴 𝟏
𝑨 𝒔𝟏 =
𝒇 𝒔 𝒋𝒅  

5) Determine the excess moment.

  𝑴 𝟐= 𝑴 − 𝑴 𝟏

6) Determine the corresponding steel area.

  𝑴 𝟐
𝑨 𝒔𝟐 = ′
𝒇 𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒅 )
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
7) Determine the total tensile steel area.
  𝑨 𝒔 = 𝑨 𝒔 𝟏+ 𝑨 𝒔 𝟐

8) Determine the stress in compressive steel.

  ′ 𝒌− 𝒅 ′/𝒅
𝒇 𝒔= 𝟐 𝒇 𝒔 ≤𝒇 𝒔
𝟏 −𝒌
9) Determine the compressive steel area.
  ′ 𝑴 𝟐
𝑨 𝒔 = ′ ′
𝒇 𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒅 )
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 05
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
  Determine the required steel area of the beam
section as shown in the figure for a moment of .
 𝟏𝟐
Given  𝟐 .𝟓
  𝑓 𝑦 =60,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
 𝑓 ′ = 4,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑐
𝟏𝟖
 
𝑓 𝑠=0.4 𝑓 𝑦 =24,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝟐𝟏
   

 𝑓 ′
𝑐 =0.45 𝑓 𝑐 =1,800 𝑝𝑠𝑖
 𝐸 6
𝑠 =29 × 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖
  𝐸 = 3.6× 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑐
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 05 : SOLUTION
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 
1) Calculate
  𝐸𝑠 29 × 10
6
𝒏= = 6
=𝟖 . 𝟎𝟔
𝐸 𝑐 3.6 × 10
  𝑓 𝑠 24
𝒓= = =𝟏𝟑 .𝟑𝟑
𝑓 𝑐 1.8
  𝑛 8.06
𝒌= = =𝟎 . 𝟑𝟕𝟕
𝑛+𝑟 8.06+13.33
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 05 : SOLUTION
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 
2) Calculate
  𝑘 0.377
𝒋 =1− =1 − =𝟎 . 𝟖𝟕𝟒
3 3
3) Determine the Moment that can be resisted
by the beam if singly reinforced.
 
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 05 : SOLUTION
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
4) Determine the corresponding steel area.
  𝑀1 96 (12) 𝟐
𝑨 𝒔𝟏 = = =𝟑 .𝟎𝟓 𝒊𝒏
𝑓 𝑠 𝑗𝑑   24 (0.874)(18)
5) Determine the excess moment.
  𝑴 = 𝑀 − 𝑀 = 150− 96=𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝒊𝒑 − 𝒇𝒕
𝟐 1

6) Determine the corresponding steel area.

  𝑀2 54 (12) 𝟐
𝑨 𝒔𝟐 = ′
= = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟒 𝒊𝒏
𝑓 𝑠 ( 𝑑 − 𝑑 ) 24 (18− 2.5)
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 05 : SOLUTION
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
7) Determine the total tensile steel area.
 𝑨 𝟐
𝒔 = 𝐴 𝑠1 + 𝐴 𝑠2 =3.05 +1.74= 𝟒 . 𝟕𝟗𝒊𝒏

8) Determine the stress in compressive steel.

  ′ 𝑘− 𝑑 ′/𝑑
𝒇 𝒔= 2 𝑓 𝑠 ≤𝑓 𝑠
1 −𝑘
  0.377 − 2.5 / 18
¿ 2 ( 24 ) =𝟏𝟖 . 𝟑 𝒌𝒔𝒊 ≤ 𝑓 𝑠
1 − 0.377
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 05 : SOLUTION
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
9) Determine the compressive steel area.
  ′ 𝑴𝟐 54 (12) 𝟐
𝑨 = ′
𝒔 ′
= =𝟐 . 𝟐𝟖 𝒊𝒏
𝒇 𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒅 ) 18.3(18 − 2.5)
 WSD Method

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

EXAMPLE 05 : SOLUTION
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
The cross section showing reinforcement

𝟏𝟐
 
 𝟐 .𝟓

𝟑¿𝟖
 

𝟏𝟖
 
𝟐𝟏
 

𝟒 ¿𝟏𝟎