DIRECTIONAL SOIL IMPROVEMENT

TECHNOLOGY
FOR URBAN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN VIETNAM

PRESENTER: KAZUAKI HIRAI - RFI

PRESENTATION CONTENTS

 URBAN AREA AND RESTRICTION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION

 COMMON SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY
 APPROPRIATED SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY
 ADVANTAGES
 CONSTRUCTION CASE
URBAN AREA
Narrow space

Urban
Area
High High
construction population
ratio density
WHAT IS THE RESTRICTION

 Environmental Impact: noise, vibration …  Impact due to narrow area…

 Impact due to dense utilities system

the more you drill,

the higher risk you
encounter utilities
 SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY
Mechanical
 Alter the density of ground
Soil Improvement Technology Modification
can classify in 04 categories

 Drainage by Dewatering
 Using structural well
elements or material Modification by Soil  Consolidation
inclusions, Hydraulic  Change soil permeability
integrated with ground confinement and Improvement Modification
reinforcement Technology

 Modify soil properties/ behavior

Physical and with additional material through
Chemical physical mixing/injection
Modification
 COMMON SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY

Compaction

Grouting/
Injection Method
Drainage Method
• Dewatering well Compaction and
Grouting/Injection
Vibration Method
• Cause the vibration
Method
• Jet Grouting
Soil • Chemical Grouting
Improvement Drainage Method
• Change under ground water level
• Might occur the settlement to surrounding
• Deep Mixing

Technology structure

Pre-compress and
Consolidation
Geosynthetics • Surcharge
• Take time
• Vertical drain
• Vacuum Consolidation • Might also occur the settlement to
surrounding structure

Vibration Method

Geosymthetics • Not suitable in urban area

DIRECTIONAL SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY IN
URBAN AREA

Big Diameter Jet Grouting Chemical Grouting

 BIG DIAMETER JET GROUTING - CLASSIFICATION
CJG/Big Diameter Jet – 3 phase
CCP – 1 phase (slurry) JSG – 2 phase (air and slurry)
(air, water and slurry)

• D600mm • D1000mm • D1400mm  D2500mm

• D800mm • D1200mm • D1600mm  D3000mm
• D1000mm • D1400mm • D1800mm
• D1200mm  very • D1600mm • D2000mm  D3500mm
difficult; • D1800mm  D5500mm
• D2000mm
APPLICATION OF BIG DIAMETER JET GROUTING

lateral flow of revetment seismic resistant Underground liquefaction

soils measure reinforcement for basement structure measure
reinforcement
BIG DIAMETER JET GROUTING - SPECIFICATION

Cement Slurry +
Air + Water
Desludging
Triple tube
(Cement slurry + Air + Water)

Upside Jet :
High pressure water
(40Mpa, 50L/min)
Downside Jet :
High pressure cement slurry
Cement with high pressure Air
Column
(40Mpa, 300L/min)
D3.5m
10
BIG DIAMETER JET GROUTING - MACHINERY

 Machine is very small, easy to

mob/demob and setup

Automatic cement
Boring machine mixer
High pressure pump
for water Cement silo
25t Truck crane

cement tank lorry

generator(500KVA)

cement silo flowmeter mud discharge truck

generator(125KVA)
generator(220KVA)
mixing plant Jet grouting machine

water tank water tank compressor

High pressure pump

for cement slurry Generator
Compressor 11
BIG DIAMETER JET GROUTING – CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE

1. Installation of 2. Drilling of up to 3. The formation of the 4. Carrying out jet grout to

machinery end of improve zone column by high-pressure top of improvement zone,
injection and air and finish.
12
WORK PROCEDURE OF BIG DIAMETER JET GROUTING
ON SITE
(1) Survey of utilities

Locate beforehand in the drawing, to investigate the surface of the utilities.

13
(2) Utilities diversion (If necessary )

14
(3) Installation of construction stage

15
(4) Installation of machine

Checking the angle

and carrying out
the installation.
16
(5) Before boring, checking the number of rods and the length as well as quality

17
(6) After boring to predetermined depth, starting jet
grouting.

Measuring the length of the aerial parts of the rod for

boring to a predetermined depth.

After setting the rod speed to machine, starting jet grouting.

18
(7) Processing for desludging

Desludging
P tank

While working on the jet grouting, desludging will be continued to be discharged.

This desludging will be moved to tank, and will be loaded on the track, it will be moved out of the site.
19
ADVANTAGES COMPARING TO CDM

 Small equipment/machinery
• Easy to mob/demob
• Easy to setup in narrow site in urban area
• Easy to reach restricted area (at proximity to another building/structure or under a flyover...)

• 2,5 m heigth
BD Jet

• ~30m heigth
• 3,5T
• ~80T

CDM
• 50m improved
• ~30m improved
 ADVANTAGES COMPARING TO CONVENTIONAL JET
GROUTING METHOD
(1) REDUCTION OF THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
 Number of grouting holes
(For Example)  Soil Improvement Zone: 15m*20m=300m2
 Soil Improved Depth: 10m

[Conventional method (φ1.0m)]

The number of holes=44

The number of holes=486
Number of grouting holes
are less than 1/10
 Total grouting length
[Conventional method (φ1.0m)]
- Number of holes : 486holes
- Total grouting length : 486×10m=4,860m
- Rod speed : 15min/m
- Grouting time : 4,860×15=72,900min
[Big Diameter Jet method φ3.5m)]
- Number of holes : 44holes
- Total grouting length : 440m
- Rod speed : 9min/m
- Grouting time : 440×9=3,960min

Grouting time is less than 1/18

 Construction period
[Conventional method (φ1.0m)]
- Grouting time : 72,900min
- Efficiency : 360min/day*1rig
- Number of rig : 4rigs
- Construction period : 72,900/360/4=51days
[Big Diameter Jet method (φ3.5m)]
- Grouting time : 3,960min
- Efficiency : 360min/day*1rig
- Number of rig : 1rigs
- Construction period : 3,960/360/1=11days

Construction period is less than 1/4

22
(2) HIGH BORING ACCURACY

[Conventional method (φ1.0m)] Thickness : 7mm

- Rod diameter : φ60mm
Outside diameter : 60mm
- Thickness : 7mm
- Cross sectional area : 1,165mm2 Inside diameter : 46mm

[Big Diameter Jet method (φ3.5m)] Thickness : 10mm

- Rod diameter : φ114mm
Outside diameter : 114mm
- Thickness : 10mm
- Cross sectional area : 3,266mm2 Inside diameter : 94mm

Because the rigidity of the rod is high, it is difficult to bend.

(That also compatible to 40m or more depth.)

23
(3) HIGH AVOIDANCE CAPABILITY OF UTILITY PIPE
φ1000mm

[Conventional method (φ1.0m)]

Typical placement of column 865mm
Utility Pipe

750mm
Because space is narrow, location of grouting
hole will be just above the pipe.

φ3500mm

[Big Diameter Jet method (φ3.5m)]

3027mm
- Rod diameter : φ114mm Utility Pipe
- Thickness : 10mm
- Cross sectional area : 3,266mm2
2625mm

Because space is wide, location of grouting hole will be

able to avoid directly above the pipe.

In case of small diameter JET, although incline construction

increases, Big Diameter Jet Grouting enables construction of a vertical case.
24
CASE-1
Project Name ： Ho Chi Minh Metro line 1
　
Location Ho Chi Minh city – Viet Nam
：
Project Owner ： MAUR
Main Contractor ： SMJO (Shimizu-Maeda Joint Operation)
Improvement Purpose ： Soil Improvement for TBM break-in/out area

Big Diameter Jet CGJ 150 Jet Grouting

Air Compressor
Machinery Machine

SG100 High Pressure SG400 High Pressure

Automatic Mixer 25
Pump Pump
JOB SITE – OPERA HOUSE STATION

Cement  Air Compressor

25T Crane  600 KVA Generator
Silo 80T  300 KVA Generator
 SG400 High Pressure
Pump
CGJ 150 Jet  SG100 High Pressure
Working Pump
Grouting  Automatic Mixer
Platform Machine  Water tank

Sludge Pit
(>250m3)
 Panoramic View of Opera House Station Job Site

Under Working Platform Sludge Pit during Construction Sludge Pit after Sedimentation

27
 CASE-2
Project Name ： Ho Chi Minh Metro line 1
　
Location Ho Chi Minh city – Viet Nam
：
Project Owner ： MAUR
Main Contractor ： SMJO (Shimizu-Maeda Joint Operation)
Soil Improvement for TBM break out (Launching
Improvement Purpose ： Shaft)

Big Diameter Jet CGJ 150 Jet Grouting

Air Compressor
Machinery Machine

SG100 High Pressure SG400 High Pressure

Automatic Mixer
Pump Pump 28
CASE-3
Project Name ： Ho Chi Minh Metro line 1
　
Location Ho Chi Minh city – Viet Nam
：
Project Owner ： MAUR
Main Contractor ： SMJO (Shimizu-Maeda Joint Operation)
Improvement Purpose ： Protection of Opera House

29
CASE-4
Embankment reinforcement work in KANZAKI river
Project Name ：
(JYOSHIMAHASHI JYORYU UGAN H26-15)
　
Location Osaka Japan
：
Project Owner ： Osaka prefecture
Main Contractor ： ASANUMA GUMI
Improvement Purpose ： Soil strengthening

30
CASE-5
Embankment reinforcement work in KANZAKI
Project Name ： river
(KANZAKI OHASHI JYORYU SAGAN H26-6)
　
Location Osaka Japan
：
Project Owner ： Osaka prefecture
Main Contractor ： TOKYU KENSETSU
Improvement Purpose ： Soil strengthening

31
CASE-6
Embankment reinforcement work in KANZAKI
Project Name ： river
(SENHOKUHASHI JYOKARYU UGAN H26-4)
　
Location Osaka Japan
：
Project Owner ： Osaka prefecture
Main Contractor ： NIHON KOKUDO KAIHATSU
Improvement Purpose ： Soil strengthening

32
CASE-7
Project Name ： Embankment seismic reinforcement work in TSURUMI CHUO NITYOUME
Location ： Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
Project Owner ： Japan Land and Transportation Ministry
Main Contractor ： RINKAI NISSAN KENSETSU
Improvement Purpose ： Soil strengthening

33
CASE-8
Embankment seismic reinforcement work in
Project Name ： TSURUMI CHUO NITYOUME
　
Location Miyagi Japan
：
Project Owner ： Miyagi Prefecture
Main Contractor ： MARUMOTO GUMI
Improvement Purpose ： Soil strengthening

34
DIRECTIONAL SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY -
CHEMICAL GROUTING
 Main purpose of chemical grouting is to reduce permeability of ground
CHEMICAL GROUTING

 Machineries

Drilling Machine Mixer Grout Pump Flow Meter

1,340x800x1,350 2,300 x 2,300 x 2,800 1,650 x 490 x 790 680 x 450 x 1,285
CHEMICAL GROUTING

 High mobility machineries, which are very small and can arrange on truck  suitable for short-period
and narrow site

 This technology is apply at Ho Chi Minh Water Environment Project – Phase 2 - Package G for the
improvement work at launching/receiving shaft
THE END

38