Lec No 16

Cloud federation and

implementation
Technically Speaking federation is the
ability for to xampp servers in different
domains to exchange xml stanzas
What is xmpp???
• XMPP is the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, a set of
open technologies for instant messaging, presence, multi-party
chat, voice and video calls, collaboration etc.
How does it work?????
• Every user on the XMPP network is allocated an XMPP address
(JabberID) that works like an email address with an IP
address/domain name and a username for the resident server.
• This protocol is mostly used by instant messaging applications
like WhatsApp
XML stanza
• An XML stanza is a structured information that is sent from one
entity to another over an XML stream.
• What is stanza in xmpp?
• n XMPP. A stanza is a first-level element (at depth=1 of the.
stream) whose element name is “message”, “presence”, or “iq”
and. whose qualifying namespace is 'jabber:client' or
'jabber:server'.
Four levels of cloud federation
• Permissive federation
• Verified federation.
• Encrypted federation.
• Trusted federation.
Permissive federation

• Permissive federation occurs when a server accepts a connection

from a peer network server without verifying its identity using DNS
lookups or certificate checking.

The lack of verification or authentication may lead to domain spoofing (the

unauthorized use of a third-party domain name in an email message in order to
pretend to be someone else) permissive federation met its demise on the
XMPP network.
Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems
which are connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be
shared directly between systems on the network without the need of
a central server. IIn other words, each computer on a P2P network
becomes a file server as well as a client.
Thank You