NERVOUS TISSUE.

Dr. ZAHID MEHMOOD

DPT, MS-NMPT
 Objectiv
e
• To describe the nervous tissue
• To describe the compnent of nervous tissue.
 NERVOUS
TISSUE
Nervous system
1. central nervous system:- brain and spinal cord
2. peripheral nervous system:- cranial and spinal nerve.

• Nervous tissue Consists of:-

Neuron
Supporting cells(neuroglia)
• Neurons : transmit electrical impulses from
one site in the body to another, and receive
and process information

• Neuroglia : are non-conducting cells that

are in intimate physical contact with neurons
.
 Neurons –
Functional unit of nervous
system -

It Consists of:
• Cell body
• Processes
 Cell body(perikaryon or
soma)
•It is basically a cell nucleus
surrounded by cytoplasm.
•Nuclei of nerve cells are:
large, round and
euchromatic with a single
prominent nucleolus.
•Centrioles- absent.
•Cytoplasm of nerve cell
bodies is abundantly
supplied with: - masses of
RER ,numerous Golgi
bodies, lysosomes
 Cell
body.....
•Nissl substance:-(nissl bodies /
granules):-granular material,
composed of rough endoplasmic
reticulum.
protein synthesis – high
•Neurofibrils:- microflaments and
microtubules)
•Pigment granules:-
neuromelanin( substantia
nigra)
lipofuscin(resudual
bodies –
lysosomes)

Aggregation of cell
 PROCESSES (NEURITES)

Two types:-
• Axon
• Dendrites

Initial segment
Axon:-
• long, cylindrical process up to 1m
• nissl substance absent
• axon hillock
telodendria
• impulse:- away from cell body.
• telodendria.
• terminal boutons.
• commenly refer to as nerve fibers
 Dendrites
•Numerous, Highly branched
•Irregular
•Terminate near the cell body.
•Nissl granules – present
•Impluse- towards the cell body
 Gray matter:- cell body of
neuron unmyelinated
White matter:- myelinated fibers

Aggregation of cell body--

within CNS– k/a--nuclei

outside CNS—k/a–
ganglia
 Types of
neurone
a. According to the shape of cell body
b. According to variation in axon

a.According to the shape of cell body:-

shape of the cell body dependent on the
number of processes arrising from it.
3 types:-

1. Multipolar neurones:-
many processes arises form the cell body
eg:- motor neurone
• 2.Bipolar neurone
•single dendrites and axon eg:- olfactory
neuron, retina.
3.Unipolar neurone
single dendrite and the axon arise
form common stem of the cell body.
Eg:- dorsal root ganglian.
 According to variation
in axon
2 types

Golgi type I:-

• long axon and connect remote regions

Golgi type II:-(microneurons)

• short axon and end near the cell
body.
• Inhibitory in function.
 Myelinated and non myelinated
nerve fibers
PNS:- schwann cell
CNS:- oligodendrocytes.

Non myelinated:- Myelinated fibers:-

• Small diameter axon • large diameter fiber ,
• simple envolop by the • concentric layers .
cytoplasm
 Peripheral
nerve
•Afferent and efferent nerve fiber
•1or more bundle(fascicles) of
nerve fibers
Within fascicle, each nerve fibers
with its investing schwann cell:-
endoneurium

Each fascicle is surrounded -- tough

Collagenous tissue with flat epithlial
Cell-- perineurium

If >1 fascicles, further layer of loose

collagenous tissue – epineurium.
 Supporting cell
( neuroglia)
•Non neural cell.
•Highly branches cell that occupy the space between neurones
•Mechanical and metabolic support.

In CNS – neuroglial cells are

1. astrocytes
2. oligodendrocytes
3. microglia
4. ependymal cells
In PNS:- neuroglial cells are
1. schwann cell
2. satellite cell
 Astrocyt
es
•Most numerous glial cell
•Long branched processes

• Some processes terminate in adjacent

non-synaptic region of neuron
• Some terminates upon the BM
of capillaries( perivascular feet)
Which covers most surface of
capillary BM forming BBB

Some process invest between CNS and inner most layer

of meninges(pia mater)—
impermeable barrier glia limitants
 2
types
1. Fibrous astrocyte:-
• white matter
• Few straight cytoplasmic processes
microtubules and intemediate filament– prominent.

2. Protoplasmic astrocyte:-
• grey matter
• numerous short , highly branch cytoplasmic process.
 olios– few, dendron– tree.
Oligodendrocytes
•Small number of short , branching
process.
•Myelination of axon in CNS.(4th
mts)
•Upto 50 axon
•Aggregate closely around nerve cell
bodies.
•Large cell, with
Small rounded condense nuclei
Cytoplasm unstain( clear halo oligodendrocyte
around nuclei)
 Microgli
a:-
•Small cell,
•mesenchymal in origin.
•Elongated nuclei,
•little cytoplasm which forms, highly branch process
•Becomes active after damage phagocytes.
 Ependy
ma
•Epithelial lining of ventricles and spinal canal
• Cuboidal to low columnar, and tightly bounded at
luminal surface
•Luminal surface cilia present
•Donot rest on BM
which ramify with process of astrocytes.
Ependymal
 Schwann cell
( lemnocytes, peripheral glial )

•Responsible for myelination of axon

•Wraps itself as spirally around a short segment of axon
•Myelinate single axon.

Satellite cell( capsular gliocytes)

•Flat cell that surround the cell bodies of neuron of PNS ganglia.
•Regulate exchange of material between neuron cell bodies and
interstitial fluid
 Gangli
on
Collection of cell body in PNS.
2 types.

1.Sensory
2.Autonomic

Sensory:-
unipolar
• fibers passes
centrally
• ganglion cell
located
peripherally
• nerve cell
body–
 Autonomic
ganglion
•Multipolar
•Neuron are scattered througout the
ganglion
•Nerve fiber are non myelinated and
thinner so, less conspicious than
sensory
•satellite cell present but not well
define
•Nissl subs are better define.
•Outside by connective tissue
capsule.
Thank
you