Pronouns are words that replace nouns. There are several types of pronouns including personal, possessive, reflexive, demonstrative, indefinite, and relative pronouns. Personal pronouns replace the subject or object of a sentence. Possessive pronouns indicate ownership and replace a noun. Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object are the same. Demonstrative pronouns refer to people, objects, or places that are closer or further from the speaker. Indefinite pronouns include some, any, no, none, and are used in positive, negative, or interrogative sentences. Relative pronouns are used in relative clauses and replace a noun from the
Pronouns are words that replace nouns. There are several types of pronouns including personal, possessive, reflexive, demonstrative, indefinite, and relative pronouns. Personal pronouns replace the subject or object of a sentence. Possessive pronouns indicate ownership and replace a noun. Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object are the same. Demonstrative pronouns refer to people, objects, or places that are closer or further from the speaker. Indefinite pronouns include some, any, no, none, and are used in positive, negative, or interrogative sentences. Relative pronouns are used in relative clauses and replace a noun from the
Pronouns are words that replace nouns. There are several types of pronouns including personal, possessive, reflexive, demonstrative, indefinite, and relative pronouns. Personal pronouns replace the subject or object of a sentence. Possessive pronouns indicate ownership and replace a noun. Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object are the same. Demonstrative pronouns refer to people, objects, or places that are closer or further from the speaker. Indefinite pronouns include some, any, no, none, and are used in positive, negative, or interrogative sentences. Relative pronouns are used in relative clauses and replace a noun from the
• Postoji više vrsta zamenica: lične, prisvojne, povratne, pokazne, neodređene i odnosne zamenice. Lične zamenice (Personal Pronouns) • a. Subject Form zamenjuju subjekat u rečenici: • Jednina (Singular)Množina (Plural) • 1.I we • 2. you you • 3. he/she/it they • Object Form: zamenjuju objekat u rečenici: • Jednina (Singular)Množina (Plural) • 1.me us • 2. you you • 3. him/her/it them Prisvojne zamenice (Possessive Pronouns) • Označavaju pripadanje i zamenjuju imenicu. • I have a book. The book is mine. • Imam knjigu. Knjiga je moja.
• Jednina (Singular) Množina (Plural)
• 1. (I) mine (we) ours • 2. (you) yours (you) yours • 3. (he) his (they) theirs • (she) hers • (it) its Prisvojne zamenice – prisvojni pridevi • Prisvojne zamenice treba razlikovati od prisvojnih prideva (possessive adjectives), koji takođe označavaju pripadnost, ali idu uz imenicu, tj. ne mogu da stoje sami. • I have a book. This is my book. • Imam knjigu. To je moja knjiga.
• Jednina (Singular) Množina (Plural)
• 1. I – my book 1. we – our book • 2. you – your book 2. you – your book • 3. he – his book3. they – their book • she – her book • it – its book Povratne zamenice (Reflexive Pronouns) • Upotrebljavaju se kada je subjekat rečenice isti kao objekat. • I don’t want you to pay for me. I will pay for myself. • Neću da ti platiš za mene. Platiću za sebe. • He is really odd. He always talks to himself. • On je baš čudan. Uvek razgovara sam sa sobom.
• Jednina (Singular) Množina (Plural)
• 1.myself 1. ourselves • 2. yourself 2. yourselves • 3.himself/herself/itself 3.themselves Pokazne zamenice (Demonstrative Pronouns) • Upotrebljavaju se da se označe osobe, predmeti i mesta koja su bliže/dalje u odnosu na govornika u prostoru ili vremenu. • Jednina (Singular) • This book (ova knjiga) • That chair (ona stolica) • Množina (Plural) • These books (ove knjige) • Those chairs (one stolice) Neodređene zamenice (Indefinite Pronouns) - some, any, no, none • Some (somebody/someone/something/somewhere) se koristi u potvrdnim, a any (anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere) u odričnim rečenicama: • We bought some flowers. (Kupili smo (malo) cveća.) • We didn’t buy any fruit. (Nismo kupili voća.) • There’s somebody in the house. (Ima nekog u kući.) • There isn’t anybody outside. (Nema nikog napolju.) • U upitnim rečenicama može se upotrebiti i some i any. Some se upotrebljava ako govornik smatra da nešto postoji, a any ako nije siguran u to: • Are you waiting for somebody? Have you got any luggage? • (Čekaš li nekog?) (Imaš li prtljaga?) • • U upitnim rečenicama some se upotrebljava i kada govornik nešto traži ili nudi: • Would you like something to eat? • Želiš li nešto da pojedeš? • Can I have some sugar, please? • Mogu li dobiti malo šećera? • Any može da ima značenje ’bilo koje, nije važno koje’: • You can come any time. I will be in all day. • Možeš doći bilo kada. Biću kod kuće ceo dan. • You can sit anywhere you like. • Možeš sesti gde god hoćeš. • No može da se koristi sa imenicom, ili u zamenicama (no one/nobody/nothing/nowhere). No daje negativno značenje celoj rečenici, pa nije potrebno negirati i glagol: • We had to walk because there was no bus. • Morali smo ići peške jer nije bilo autobusa. • Nobody came to visit me while I was in hospital. • Niko nije došao da me poseti dok sam bila u bolnici. • None se može upotrebiti bez imenice, ili kao fraza none of sa imenicom u množini: • I spent all my money. I have none left. • Potrošila sam sav novac. Nemam nimalo. • None of the shops were open. • Nijedna prodavnica nije bila otvorena. Odnosne zamenice (Relative Pronouns) • Upotrebljavaju se u odnosnim rečenicama i zamenjuju imenicu iz glavne rečenice: • Who – za osobe: • I saw the man who moved in next door. • Videla sam čoveka koji se doselio pored nas. • Which – za predmete, mesta, pojmove, životinje • The bomb which went off this morning caused a lot of damage. • Bomba koja je eksplodirala jutros prouzrokovala je veliku štetu. • Whom – za osobe. Ova zamenica se ponekad koristi umesto who kada se odnosi na objekat odnosne rečenice. • The doctor whom I wanted to see was away. • Doktor kod koga sam htela da idem nije bio tu. • Takođe može da se koristi sa predlogom: • The people with whom I work are very nice. • Ljudi s kojima radim su vrlo prijatni. • Ova zamenica se u govornom jeziku retko upotrebljava. Umesto nje se koristi who/that, a najčešće nijedna: • The doctor I wanted to see was away. • Whose – za osobe. Koristi se u odnosnim rečenicama umesto prisvojnih prideva his/her/their - dakle, označava pripadanje. • We saw some people whose car broke down. • Videli smo neke ljude čiji se auto pokvario. • I met a man whose sister knows you. • Upoznala sam čoveka čija sestra te poznaje.