Micro fluids

Lab-on-a-chip
• lab-on-a-chip is a miniaturized device that integrates onto a
single chip one or several analyses, which are usually done in a
laboratory; analyses such as DNA sequencing or biochemical
detection.
• Research on lab-on-a-chip mainly focuses on human diagnostics
and DNA analysis. Less often, lab-on-a-chip research focuses on
the synthesis of chemicals. Miniaturization of biochemical
operations normally handled in a laboratory has numerous
advantages, such as cost efficiency, parallelization, ergonomy,
diagnostic speed and sensitivity.
• The emergence of the lab-on-a-chip field mainly relies on two
core technologies: microfluidics and molecular biology.
 Lab-on-a-chip…
• Microfluidic technologies used in lab-on-a-chip devices
allow to manufacture millions of microchannels, each
measuring mere micrometers, on a single chip that fits in
your hand.
• The microchannels enable the handling of fluids in
quantities as low as a few picoliters as well as the
manipulation of biochemical reactions at very small
volumes.
• They also require integrated pumps, electrodes, valves,
electrical fields and electronics to become complete lab-
on-a-chip diagnostic systems.
 Lab-on-a -chip
• Objective of a lab-on-a-chip is to integrate onto a
single chip thousands of biochemical operations that
could be done by splitting a single drop of blood
collected from the patient in order to get a precise
diagnosis of potential diseases.
 Lab-on-a-chip

The kind of lab-on-a-chip devices that

allows researchers to perform all the
operations from sample collection to
analysis is generally called the Micro total
analysis system (µTAS).
Fluids..micro
Micro fluids..
Flow induced in a micro valve
Micro..fluid
Micro….fluid
Incompressible flow in micro conduits
Surface tension…
Surface Tension…
 Eletcroosmosis
Electroosmotic flow (or electro-osmotic flow, often
abbreviated EOF; synonymous with electroosmosis
or electroendosmosis) is the motion of liquid
induced by an applied potential across a porous
material, capillary tube, membrane, microchannel,
or any other fluid conduit.. Electroosmotic flow is
most significant when in small channels.
Electroosmotic flow is an essential component in
chemical separation techniques.
 Osmosis-electro…
Electroosmotic flow was first reported in 1809
by F. F. Reuss in the Proceedings of the Imperial
Society of Naturalists of Moscow. He showed
that water could be made to flow through a plug
of clay by applying an electric voltage.Flow
speeds a few mm/sec.In large scale flows speeds
will be a few m/sec 2-4 m/sec beyond which
flow becomes turbulent but Reynolds number is
a measure of turbulence or laminar flow only.
 Electrophoresis and advection
Electrophoresis is defined as migration of charged particles through a
solution under the effect of an electrical field. It means that we can
separate compounds that are capable of acquiring electrical charge in
conducting electrodes.
Advection is the transport of a substance by bulk motion. The properties
of that substance are carried with it. The fluid's motion is described
mathematically as a vector field, and the transported material is
described by a scalar field showing its distribution over space. An
example of advection is the transport of pollutants or silt in a river by
bulk water flow down stream. Advection may involve thermal energy
too. During advection, a fluid transports some conserved quantity or
material via bulk motion.It is used for both DNA and RNA analysis.(how
proteins bind to DNA-separate proteins by size,density and purity.
Micronozzle