Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3D Printing in Cardiology
3D Printing in Cardiology
Group 8
Group Members:
1. MOHAMAD AIZAL IZWAN BIN MD DIRIS KIB170024
2. MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN AB PATAH KIB170026
3. MUHAMMAD HAJAZI BIN MD ZIN KIB170027
INTRODUCTION
The concept of 3D printing has been in existence since the 1980s.
3D printing readily available:
1. Relatively low capital cost .
2. Little additional equipment needed.
• 3D printing can better represent intuitively the anatomy to the clinician when planning a surgery or a
procedure.
• 3D printing can also aide in gauging how well devices fit, especially as more compliant printing
materials are available and processing correction methods make models dimension-accurate.
• The process of producing a model :
1) acquiring the images using a modality suited to the anatomy.
2) processing and segmentation.
3) producing a STereoLithography (STL) printable file.
4) Printing that file using one of several types of printers.
Initial Image Acquisition
• Advancement in computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM)
along with better modeling techniques permitted iterative improvements in quality and
expansion of additive manufacturing.
• Producing a quality print requires adequate imaging typically in the form of CT scans or MRI.
7) The completed STL file is then sent to the printer for model
production.
Segmentation of the multi-planar
gated CT scan
(A) CT scan focusing on the dual right ventricular
outflow tract (RVOT).
• Using the appropriate material not only can expand the utility of the model, but can bring about
more advanced uses of these models.
• A clear material, for example, allows the operator to see through the structure and assess
relationships of different chambers.
• Resins with ceramic like-properties or biocompatible resins can simulate hard tissue such as teeth
and bones to allow the operator to practice procedure-specific interventions or drill guide pilot
holes.
CLINICAL EXAMPLE
Paediatric
• Most 3D printing applications related to congenital heart disease.
- Due to fact that children have smaller chest cavity than adults.
• Surgical treatment much more difficult.
• Helps surgeon in spatial orientation inside the cavities of small infant heart.
- Simulating the surgical approach and steps of operation.
- Leads to shorter intraoperative time that has significant impact on
complication rate, blood loss and reduced costs.
• 15 years old boy with aortic arch hypoplasia.
- Development of 3D heart to improve interventional simulation and
planning in patient.
- Assessment of optimal stent position, size and length was found to be
useful for actual intervention in patient.
FUTURE APPLICATIONS
• Possible application used today:
Building anatomically accurate models to guide interventions.
• Barriers to start a program become lower every year with educational activities
specifically aim at promoting this technology.
• Largest limitation would be the time invested in analyzing the images and processing the
model.
- No standardized method to generate the model, make the process more variable.
REFERENCES
1. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joic.12446
2. https://journals.viamedica.pl/cardiology_journal/article/view/CJ.a2017.0056/41302
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MEz4SE-SU8
4. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jhe/2019/5340616/
THANK YOU