KELOMPOK 1

1. HANA HAZWANI (E0019018)

2. IMELDA RIZQI ANNAFI (E0019019)
3. MAHARANI DHEA PRATIWI (E0019025)
4. SISKA AMALIA DATA RIANA (E0019040)
5. TIA NATASYA (E0019044)
6. TRADINA DWI PERTIWI (E0019045)

DOSEN PENGAMPU
FIQIH KARTIKA MURTI, M. Pd

PRODI : FARMASI (S-1)

STIKes BHAKTI MANDALA HUSADA SLAWI
Definition and function

Type

Procedure

Advantages and Disadvantages

 TOPICAL
MEDICATION
Applying medication to the skin or mucous membranes allows it to enter
the body from there. Medication applied in this way is known as topical
medication. It can also be used to treat pain or other problems in specific
parts of the body.

Topical medication can also be used to nourish the skin and protect it from
harm. Some topical medications are used for local treatment, and some are
meant to affect the whole body after being absorbed through the skin.
 01
Pastes, ointments, oils
TYPE
02
Creams, lotions, foams

03 Gels, powders

04 Sprays and patches

PASTES, OINTMENTS AND OILS

Ointments are mixtures of various fats that

can be easily spread. They are made of fat, oil
or wax or a combination of these. Common
examples are fatty antiseptic ointments and
healing ointments.

Oils are made of fat that is liquid at room

temperature. They are used as additives for oil
baths, as massage oils, or as essential oils
such as peppermint oil.

Pastes are special ointments that contain fat

as well as a large amount of powder additives.
This makes them very thick, and it is difficult to
rub them in. One example is zinc paste.
PASTES,
OINTMENTS,
OILS
pastes Ointment oil
1. Cynkowa paste 1. Inerson 1. Eucalyptus oil
2. Triamcinolon asetonida 2. Nebacetin ontment 2. Cod liver oil
3. Paradontax 3. Salep 88 3. Gandapura oil
4. Resorcinoli sulfurici paste 4. Salep 2-4 4. Kapak
5. kenalog. 5. Genoint ointment. 5. Medicated oil.
Creams, Lotions, Foams
Creams are mixtures of fat and
water that can be easily spread.
Because fat and water normally
won't readily mix, an emulsifying
agent is added to combine these
two ingredients and keep them
stable. The result is also called
emulsion. More liquid emulsions on a
water basis are called lotions or
milk. If air is dispersed in an
emulsion, it becomes a
topical foams.
Creams,
Lotions,
Foams cream lotion foam
1. Miconazole 1. Caladin lotion 1. Extina foam
2. Garamycin 2. Acle feldin 2. Rogaine foam
3. Elimite cream 3. Natur-E lotion 3. Minoxidil foam
4. Melanox 4. Calamin lotion 4. Clobetasol
5. Kalpanak cream 5. permethrin
 Gels
are a special type of water-based cream. They are
made primarily of thickeners like starch that can
bind a lot of water and the active ingredients
dissolved in it.

Gels, powders
Powders
are sprinkled on the skin and stick there. In addition to
their solid active ingredient, they can also contain carrier
substances (such as talc). Powders have a drying effect
and form a film that protects the skin. 
Gels,
powders
Gels Powders

1. Erlamycetin 1. Nebacetin powder

2. Acne-clean 2. Enbatic
3. Megatic gel 3. Sulfatilamide
4. Venosmil gel 4. Ceftriaxone
5. Aclonac gel. 5. Fluimucil
 Some drugs can be applied to the skin or
mucous membranes as a spray. There are
sprays for treating wounds, for disinfection
or for reducing swelling in the nasal mucous
membranes, for example.

Some medications that are meant to enter

the body over a particular period of time
can be applied with the help of a patch. A
patch can release a medicine for a specific
SPRAYS amount of time. As well as medicinal
AND patches, there are also hormonal and
nicotine patches.
PATCHES
Sprays
And
Patches spray patch

1. Cooling 5 spray 1. Salonpas

2. Anti tick spray 2. Dibutil ftalat
3. Procomil spray 3. Fentanyl
4. Freeza spray 4. Koyo cabe
5. Spray antiseptik. 5. Hansaplas koyo.
PROCEDURE
Applying Topical
Pastes, Creams, Lotions, oils,
and Ointments

Applying A Powders

Applying a Transdermal
Patch

Applying Topical
Gels

Applying A Sprays
Applying A Foams
 Applying Topical pastes, Creams,
Lotions, oils, and Ointments

1. Perform hand hygiene before medication preparation.

2. As you are removing medications from the dispensing system,
make sure that the right medication, the right dose, and the right
time.
3. Consider where the lotion, cream, or ointment is to be applied. A
cotton tipped applicator might suffice. Apply non-sterile gloves If
skin is broken, sterile gloves will prevent introduction of new
microorganisms from the health care provider’s hands.
4. Wash, rinse, and dry the affected area with water and a clean
cloth for removes previous topical medications.
 Applying Topical pastes, Creams,
Lotions, oils, and Ointments

5. If skin is very dry and flaking, apply topical medication while skin is still damp.
6. Change gloves, Apply sterile gloves if open lesions
7. Place required amount of medication in palm of hands and soften by rubbing
palms together. Likewise, if using a cotton tipped applicator, apply ointment,
lotion, or cream to it.
8. Let patient know that initial application may feel cold. Don’t rub vigorously.
9. Let patient know that skin may feel greasy after application because some
topical medications contain oils.
11. Perform hand hygiene. This step prevents the transfer of microorganisms.
 Apply A Powders
1. Wash Your Hand
2. Sprinkle Powder Oh The Injured
Part
3. Apply 2 To 3 Times A Day
4. If There Are No Changes Contact
The Doctor
 Applying a Transdermal Patch

1. Perform hand hygiene before medication preparation.

2. As you are removing medications from the dispensing system
or drawer, make sure that The right medication, the right dose,
and the right time.
3. Before applying a transdermal patch, remove the old patch if
it is still in place. Clean area thoroughly. Not removing the
previous patch may result in overdose of the medication.
4. Dispose of old patch by folding in half with sticky sides
together and wrapping it in a glove, or cutting it before disposal.
 Applying a Transdermal Patch
5. Use a felt tip or soft tip pen to write the date, time, and your initials
on the outside of the new patch. Don’t use a ballpoint pen because it
can damage patch. Find a new site that is clear, dry, hairless, and
free of skin irritations.
6. Carefully remove the backing from the patch, and don’t touch the
medication with your fingers.
7. Apply patch by holding one hand firmly over the patch for 10
seconds, then press around the edges to make sure that the patch is
securely attached to the skin. This prevents loss of patch and
ensures effectiveness of medication delivery. Apply new
transdermal patch.
8. Perform hand hygiene. This prevents the transfer of
microorganisms.
 APPLYING TOPICAL GELS

1. Wash your 2. Take the 3. Apply a 4. Clean the

hands throughly medicine gel predeter mind edges of the
first using the tip of number of doses tube with tissue
the finger paper
 1.Blow your nose to clear nostrils
2.Shake the bottle gently
APPLYING 3.Tilt head forward slightly. Do not tilt
headback
A SPRAYS 4.Close 1 nostril with a finger. Place
spray pump tip ¼ to ½ into your other
nostril
5.Do not spray directly onto the nasal
septum
6.Keeping bottle upright, pump once
firmly
 Apply A Foams
1.Apply in to the affected area as directed , usually once or
twice a day .
2. bwffore applying each dose , gentely wash the affected
area with a mild cleanser , then pat dry
3. apply a small amount of medicine to the affected area and
rub in gentely
4. some products may requie rinsing off after application for
a certain amount of time
5. chek your product package to see if your form of this
medication needs to be rinssed off
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages of topical medication
For local effects, prevent first-pass effects and restore systemic side effects.
Easy application. 
Avoidance of the risks varied conditions of absorption, ph changes, presence of enzymes,
gastric emptying time etc in internal or parenteral routes. 

Disadvantages of topical medication

Cosmetically less attractive. 
Absorption is uncertain. 
Skin irritation or contact dermatitis due to drug and excipients. 
Poor permeability of some drugs through the skin. 
Possibility of allergic reactions. 
Can be used only for those drugs which require low plasma concertstion for action. 
Drugs with larger particle size are difficult to get absorbed through the skin.
SOURCE Friedland J. Arzneiformenlehre. Stuttgart: WVG; 2009.

Kretz FJ, Reichenberger S. Medikamentöse Therapie. Arzneimittellehre für

Gesundheitsberufe. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2007.

Lüllmann H, Mohr K, Hein L. Taschenatlas Pharmakologie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2014.

Moll I. Duale Reihe Dermatologie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2016.

Plötz H. Kleine Arzneimittellehre für Fachberufe im Gesundheitswesen. Heidelberg:

Springer; 2013.

Dr. Mansji Biswas, 2016. “Topical Route”. Departement Of Pharmacology &

Theurapeutics Seth G S Medical College & Kem Hospital
THANK YOU