‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Sudan International University

Course Name: Power System Analysis-I
Course Code: EPE4205
(4th Year Power)
Lec:04
Dr. Mohammed Osman Hassan

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 Fault Analysis
 Calculation of the currents
which flow when faults of
various types occur is an
essential part of the design of
a power supply network.
 Typically, fault currents are
obtained using computer
packages by applying faults
at various points in the
network.
 The magnitudes of the fault
currents give the engineer the
current settings for the
protection to be used and the
ratings of the circuit breakers.
 the most common of these is the short circuit of a single conductor to ground or
earth. Often, the path to earth contains resistance Rf in the form of an arc

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 balanced short circuit is the most severe fault and also the most amenable to
calculation.
 
 Fault MVA as well as fault current If (in kA), is frequently used as a rating.
 usually is obtained from the expression √ 3 , where is the nominal line voltage
of the faulted part in kV.
 The fault MVA is often referred to as the fault level.
 The calculation of fault currents can be divided into the following two main
types:
1. Faults short-circuiting all three phases when the network remains
balanced electrically. For these calculations, normal single-phase
equivalent circuits may be used as in ordinary load-flow calculations.
2. Faults other than three-phase short circuits when the network is
electrically unbalanced. To facilitate these calculations a special method
for dealing with unbalanced networks is used, known as the method of
symmetrical components.
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 The main objects of fault analysis are:
 to determine maximum and minimum three-phase short-circuit currents.
 to determine the unsymmetrical fault current for single and double line-to
earth, faults, line-to-line faults, and sometimes for open-circuit faults.
 investigation of the operation of protective relays.
 determination of rated interrupting capacity of breakers.
 to determine fault-current distribution and busbar-voltage levels during
fault conditions.

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Contents
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Solve the previous example using Thevenin’s theorem
3. Modelling of the plant
plant
below
3. Modelling of the plant
4. Simulations and Results

below
4. Simulations and Results
and Results
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