THERMOMETER

GROUP 8
BERLIANA TRIHAPSARI E0019008
DIVA ARSYA SILVA NINGTYAS E0019012
DHIVA YUNITA AMANDA PUTRI E0019010
LAILA NURUL AININ E0019023
LU’LU DEWI MARIANA E0019024
WAHYU APRILIA E0019047

DOSEN PENGAMPU : FIQIH KARTIKA MURTI, M.Pd.

Definition of Thermometer
A Thermometer is a device that measures temperature or
temperature gradient, using a variety of principles. For
recording body temperature, several different types of
thermometers are used, such as Alcohol thermometer,
clinical thermometer, infrared thermometer, mercury
thermometer, and laboratory thermometers.

2
1. Laboratory thermometers

Laboratory thermometers are used for laboratory

equipment in laboratory
This thermometer filling fluid is alcohol or mercury. the
temperature used is ̊C

so that the thermometer is sensitive to the

temperature of the meal the size of the capillary tube
must be made small. to be sensitive to changes in
temperature, the walls of the thermometer (reservoir) are
made as thin as possible and if possible made of
conductor material
 How to use it
Laboratory Thermometers

the device is attached to the object

to be measured its temperature,
then the water of the thermometer filler will rise
or expand to show the amount
of the temperature of the object
Laboratory thermometer functions

Laboratory thermometer functions

are usually used based on research
carried out,

for example
determining the temperature
of a heated solid,
measuring the boiling point of a solution
2. Clinical Thermometer
Thermometer for measuring body temperature that has a
constriction in the tube above the bulb preventing movement
of the column of liquid downward once it has reached it’s
maximum temperature so that it continues to indicate the
maximum temperature until the liquid is shaken back down
into the bulb. The scale on the clinical thermometer is only
from 35 C to 45 C. This corresponds to human body
temperature is not possible below 35 C and exceeds 43 C.
Clinical thermometers are usually used to measure human
body temperature.
How to use :First, check beforehand whether the
thermometer has shown a temperature below 35 °
C. If not, we flick the thermometer so that it shows a
temperature of less than 35 ° C. Furthermore, attach the
thermometer under the armpit or folds the body for
about 5 minutes. After that, take the thermometer
from the body and read it on the
thermometer scale. The scale indicated by the
thermometer shows the patient's body
temperature at that state. thermometer has shown
a temperature below
 An example of a clinical thermometer is what a nurse puts in your mouth when you
visit the doctor’s office.
3. Mercury Thermometer

Mercury thermometer in a glass is a thermometer made from mercury that is placed

in a glass tube. We can recognize the mercury thermometer from the color of its
silvery sparkling thermometer. Calibrated markings on the tube make the
temperature readable according to the length of the mercury in the glass, varying
according to the temperature. To increase accuracy, there is usually a mercury bulb
at the end of the thermometer that contains most of the mercury; expansion and
narrowing of the mercury volume then proceed to a narrower section of the tube.
The space between mercury can be filled or left empty.
The function of the Mercury Thermometer is a device for measuring temperature.
How to use a mercury thermometer :
1. Before use, clean the thermometer, especially the tip that contains mercury with a
cleaning fluid containing alcohol.
2. Flick the tip of the thermometer that does not contain mercury several times with
strong enough. The point is, so that all the mercury returns to the jar or is below the
number 35 degrees Celsius.
2. Lift the child's arm slightly and then slip the thermometer between the child's
armpits in a pinched state. Make sure the tip of the thermometer sticks to the skin of
the armpit.
3. Before lifting it, leave it for 3 to 5 minutes to allow the mercury to move. If
necessary, hold the child's arm to hold the thermometer in his armpit still steady.
4. Read the tip of the mercury that shows the child's body temperature.
5. Restore the temperature of the thermometer using cold water. Then clean again
before storing.
The advantages of mercury as a thermometer filler include:
1. Mercury can absorb / take heat from the temperature of something being
measured.
2. Mercury has properties that do not wet the glass medium on the thermometer.
3. Mercury can be seen easily because of its shiny color.
4. Mercury has regular expansion / expansion properties from temperature to
temperature.
5. Mercury has freezing and boiling points that are far apart, making it suitable for
measuring high temperatures.
In addition to excess, mercury also has shortcomings, including:

1. Freezing point is high so it is not suitable for measuring temperatures in cold

regions
2. Mercury is a toxic substance that is harmful to health
3. Mercury is expensive
4. ALCOHOL THERMOMETER

Alcohol thermometer is a thermometer that uses alcohol

as a measuring medium, which is an alternative to mercury
thermometers with the same function
But it is not the same as mercury in a glass thermometer. The
contents of the alcohol thermometer are non-toxic and will
evaporate quickly enough.
Alcohol is sensitive to small temperature rises, so small
temperature rises can be seen carefully. But alcohol is not
suitable for measuring temperatures that are too high because
the boiling point of alcohol is only 78 degrees Celsius. Alcohol
has a freezing point of up to -112 degrees Celsius, so it can be
used to measure very low temperatures.
To simplify scale reading, the manufacturer gives alcohol
red (thermometer filler) and a white background.
Alcohol

Bulb Thread
How to use an Alcohol Thermometer :
1. Before using a thermometer, the thing to do is to ensure that
the thermometer is clean, good and normal.
2. If needed, use a support pole as a tool to support the
thermometer.
3. Insert the thermometer into the liquid for about 3-5 minutes.
The reservoir position is more or less in the middle of the
substance whose temperature is measured. The goal is
that the temperature obtained is the average temperature
of the substance.
4. Notice the red thermometer (alcohol) fillers stop at what
number.
Also note the scale listed on the thermometer.

5. Record the results of temperature measurements.

6. Then lift the thermometer
5. Infrared Thermometers

• Understanding of Infrared
Infrared is electromagnetic radiation which has a long waves around 700 nm and 1
mm, and has a frequency of 1012 hertz.

• Understanding of Infrared Thermometers

Infrared thermometer is a measuring instrument that serves to detect the
temperature of an object or object from a distance, with infrared radiation emitted to
the object or object.
• Working Principle of Infrared Thermometers
Infrared thermometers are one of the non-contact sensors used to measure
temperature. Any object above absolute zero will emit infrared radiation. An infrared
thermometer works by measuring the infrared energy emitted by an object. Infrared
thermometer directed at the object.

• How to Use the Infrared Thermometer

First insert two AA batteries into the infrared temometer according to the instructions
and then operate it by pressing the power button. How to use an infrared
thermometer is very easy just by aiming at the object without having to touch the
object to be measured with the distance between the temometer and the object
about 5-15cm, then the backlight (screen) will show the temperature value along
with the color and each color is an indicator of temperature measured.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Infrared Thermometers
advantages:
1. Temperature measurement can be done non-contact or without contact with the
object so it does not affect the temperature measurement process.
2. The measured temperature is quickly responded by the thermometer and the value
is immediately displayed on the screen.
3. Can be automatically (without calculation) in converting from scale units to other
scales.
4. Easy to carry because of its compact size and light weight.
5. By using energy from infrared light, this thermometer can measure temperature
precisely at its target.

The disadvantage of this infrared thermometer is that the price is relatively

expensive.
 References
Kustija, Jaja. 2014. Fisika Optik. Bandung : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Sutarno. 2013. Fisika Untuk Universitas. Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu

N. Rahman, F.B.Kasem, M. R. Islam, R. Sultana, and A. Matin, “Comparison between mercury and liquid crystal forehead
thermometers for measurment of body temperature,”Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, vol.4, no 2,
pp.60-61,2012.

B.J. Holtzclaw, “Circadian rhythmicity and homeostatic stability in thermoregulation, “Biological Research for Nursing, vol.2,
no 4, pp.221-235,2001.