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In The Name of Allah Who Is Most Merciful and Benificial
In The Name of Allah Who Is Most Merciful and Benificial
Presentation
Religion:
NIBRAS SHAMAS 19-507
ANAS ALI 19-523
IFTIKHAR SHAH 19-524
REHAN RAFAY 19-556
Religion
The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.
A particular system of faith and worship.
There are approximately 4200 religions in the world.
Out of which CHRISTIANITY is the world's largest religion which is followed by ISLAM
Types of Religions
Religious Classification What/Who Is Divine Example
The study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between men and women.
Sects Cults
Strict Membership Voluntary
Dissent Not necessary
Not necessarily in modern society In modern societies
Attracts large crowd Smaller in Size
Uniquely legitimate Pluralistically legitimate
ISLAM
1.6 Billion Followers
Followers of Islam are known as Muslims.
Majority of Muslims are found in Middle East
Pakistan ,India ,Bangladesh ,Saudi Arabia, Iran and former southern republics of Soviet Union have
majority of Muslims
Muhammad (PBUH) 571 AD – 632 AD is Prophet for Muslims and the last messenger of Allah and not
a divine what is Jesus for Christians .
The text of Quran, is word of Allah and is sacred for Muslims.
Word of Allah was transmitted through Muhammad (PBUH)
After death of (PBUH), Islam spread rapidly.
Divisions arose which divided Muslims in further different Sects.
Muslims fast during the holy month of Ramadan.
2 major occasions or events of Islam are Eid Ul Fitar & Eid Ul Azha
ISLAM
Christianity
2.3 Billion Followers
Majority areas of Christians are Europe and America
More then 75% of Canadians & Americans Identify themselves as Christians
Christianity began as a Cult, drawing elements from Judaism
Christianity was built on personal charisma of Jesus Christ
Christianity is example of monotheism
Christians believe that Jesus Christ is son of GOD
Jesus was brought to trial as a thread of political leaders of Roman Empire and was sentenced to death.
According to Christ belief, Three days after his execution, Jesus rose from dead bed, revealing that he
was son of God
12 associates of Jesus, known as Apostles spread Christianity throughout Mediterranean region
Christianity
Judaism
14 Million Followers
Jews make majority only in one country – Israel
Judaism has deep historical roots that extends up to 4000 years ago before the birth of Christ
Jews survived centuries of slavery in Egypt
13th Century BC, Moses, the adopted son of an Egyptian Princess was called by God to lead people
“Covenant” – a concept of Judaism, a special relation with God by which the Jews become God’s chosen
people
Torah is Sacred book of Jews
Jews share a cultural history of oppression as a result of prejudice and discrimination.
In 1600’s many Jews migrated to US, early immigrants were assimilated into Christian communities
During WW-II, Anti Semitism ( discrimination against Jews ) reached a peak as Nazi Regime in Germany
systematically killed almost 6 Million Jews.
Judaism
Hinduism
950 Million Followers
Hinduism is one of the oldest religion of the world originating from Indus valley almost 4500 years
ago.
Hinduism is mostly practiced in India, Nepal and Southern Africa and South East Asia
Hinduism, Unlike Islam and Christianity , has not diffused widely to other nations.
Unlike Christianity and Islam, Hinduism recognizes no ultimate judgement at the hands of supreme
God. But they believe KARMA – a spiritual progress of human soul.
Hindus connect themselves with God through different rituals
Hindus consider river GANGA as a purifying bath. They believe one cleans all his past bad deeds by
taking a bath in Ganga
Hinduism
Buddhism
495 Million Followers.
Buddhism arose 2500 years ago.
Rich culture of India gave birth to Buddhism
Buddhists almost live in Asia
Buddhism is very similar to Hinduism
It recognizes no God of Judgement
But like Christianity, Buddhism is inspired by the life of one man.
Gautama Siddhartha Buddha was born in High Caste family in Nepal in 563 BC
He was deeply spiritual
At 29, he experienced transformation, which led him in to years of travel and meditation . By the end,
he achieved “Bodhi”
Buddhists claim he spent life full of sufferings
Buddhism
Confucianism
From 200 BC, until beginning of twentieth century, Confucianism was a state church
Confucianism was Official religion of China
After 1949 revolution , the communist government of New People’s Republic of China repressed all
religion activities .
1 to 2 Million followers
China is main home.
Confucius, In Chinese ( K’ung Fu- tzu ) lived between 551-479 BC
Like Buddha , Confucius was deeply moved by people sufferings
Confucius took a more churchlike approach
Confucius instructed his followers to engage the world according to code of moral conduct.
Confucianism
Feminist Perspective
Product of patriarchy
An instrument of dominance
Karen Armstrong : all major religions are male affair
Women have been kicked to marginal positions
Mary Daly said : religion preserve the sexist world ( means that males are
dominant so that is why it create arrogance in males
Nawal el saadawi said : change the patriarchy system , religion will automatically
changed
Simone de Beauvoir
" the second sex "
Women do much work for the religious organizations , introduce children to
religious beliefs , yet are exploited by religion. So there must be a religion for
women
Karl Marx
Religion promotes dominating ideologies.
Religion eases the pain produced by exploitation and oppression.
IT dilutes demand for change in society
Religion has no place in society
Criticism against Karl Marx