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The Theoretical Basis of Safety of Human Life
The Theoretical Basis of Safety of Human Life
• The issue of security of life and human health are closely linked to sustainable
human development. In the twenty-first century, this problem should be
considered as one of the priorities of the world community in the conditions
of globalization of all spheres of human life: material-industrial, domestic,
socio-political and cultural-spiritual. Despite this, in the early 90-ies of XX
century the UN adopted a strategic Concept of sustainable development of
human society, the so-called Agenda for the twenty-first century. Despite the
pessimistic predictions about the future of humanity, the Concept introduces
a new paradigm of safety of life, which convinces us that the global problems
of humanity (hunger, poverty, unemployment, disease, a different kind of war,
infectious diseases, etc.) can only be solved through cooperation between all
the world's people and governments of all States.
The purpose of the concept
• of the UN is the creation of conditions for the safe existence of every
individual of present and future generations. It is, as the academician
Michael Zgurovsky, to a large extent a continuation of the concept of
noosphere formulated by our compatriot Vladimir Vernadsky in the
first half of the twentieth century. Its essence lies in the mandatory
coherence between economic, environmental and human
development so that from generation to generation is not
deteriorated, the quality and safety of human life, the environment,
and there was a social progress that recognizes the needs of each
person.
After analyzing the Concept, we can distinguish the following main directions:
• Based on the experience of international and Ukrainian scientists in the field of life safety in Ukraine
have developed and adopted a Concept of education in "Safety of life and human activities (BZHDL).
• According to the Concept, the main objectives of education BZHDL are:
• — the formation of human culture relative to security, its relevant moral values, attitudes, behavior,
etc.;
• — ensuring a certain state of individual protection of human body through the formation and
development of those personal qualities that promote safety, as well as the necessary knowledge and
skills;
• — intensification of methodical, scientific and other forms of educational work in the direction BZHDL
as in educational institutions and outside them;
• — promoting the efficiency of the state system of safety of the population through the education and
training of people to their adequate interaction, the active position for improving the state of the
system, including in the legislative sphere;
Priority of training
• For the first time the discipline "life Safety" began to teach at Bauman. Bauman
(Russia) in 1989. From the program, which was developed by specialists of the
University, indicated that the purpose of life safety is to protect the person in the
technosphere from the negative impact of anthropogenic and natural origin. Then in
Leningrad (St. Petersburg) created his own school of specialists from this industry,
which adhered to the concept that safety is a new research area, the content of which
is to identify patterns of occurrence of various hazards and the development of
appropriate methods and means of protection of man in all conditions of his life, and
which is Foundation of General education of specialists in different disciplines and
professions.
The purpose, objectives, structure and content
of the discipline "life Safety
• The purpose of discipline is theoretical and practical training of future specialists for
the development of knowledge, skills and abilities to create safe living conditions and
activities in the environment, comprehension of the philosophical principles of
harmonious human relationships with technology, nature and society.
• The task is a clear understanding of the dangerous and harmful factors in the
situations arising in the environment, their identification, search and study of the
optimal safe conditions of human life.
• The object of study is man in all aspects of its activities (physiological, spiritual,
social).
• The subject of the study is to analyze the negative impact of various dangers to life
and health, as well as methods, means and measures of protection against them.
the structure and content of the discipline should include the study of:
• The number and complexity of problems with BDZ require a certain structuring of the sections of this
discipline, the sequence of presentation and the study of its internal logic. In its methodological works,
the authors call this architectonics, composition, and structure.
• theoretical foundations of BC;
• — interaction of humans and the environment;
— hazards and their impact on human activity;
• — ensure the safe of human life.
• For a deeper understanding of the concept of "safety" consider the structure and characteristic features.
• The structure of activity and its characteristic features
• The structure of Life includes in its membership persons (population), natural, artificial environment and
social sphere of human activity belongs to the category of complex global structures of the system
"environment — human activities.
The concept of "livelihoods" consists of two concepts:
• Life is one of the forms of existence of matter naturally arises and flows under certain environmental
conditions. The characteristics of it are: exchange of substances and energy, ability to reproduce, growth,
development, active regulation of the composition and functions, adaptation to the environment. The
term "life" inherent in man and to some extent provides.
• Activity — a specific form of active human interaction with the environment, the content of which is
expedient change and transformation of its components to ensure their various needs (material, cultural,
spiritual, etc.).
• The human activity is not possible without the means of production is the most important component of
the artificial environment of life.
• Life and work are interrelated, interdependent and mutually determine each other. The basis of life is the
presence of conditions for the environment: natural sunlight, air, water, soil, biosphere, artificial living
environments — residential and industrial buildings, constructions, transport and air communication
systems, energy supply, food and more that are created by the mind and hands of man for life support. So,
as the life and activity of people outside of the environment life is not possible.
To the systems that provide livelihoods
• For a better understanding of problems of safety, we give definitions of key terms and
concepts of discipline BC.
• Safety — absence of unacceptable risk associated with the ability to specify any harm.
• Danger (dangerous conditions) — phenomenon, process, object, subject, property, or
their combination, which are able under certain conditions to cause undesirable effects.
• The safety of human life — the absence of unacceptable risk associated with the
possibility of injuring the human body in all conditions of its existence.
• Risk — conscious possibility of the occurrence of an event with certain undesirable
consequences. The term "risk" is used with the addition of (what?) for example, the risk
of poisoning and the like.
• Dangerous situation — defined set of hazards(s) and conditions of existence,
which necessarily leads to an undesirable result, if you do not take preventive
measures. Dangerous situation — the process of implementation risk.
• Emergency — a kind of dangerous situation that objectively requires urgent
preventive measures.
• Individual field activities — the space in which the activity takes place a
particular person to meet needs.
• Harmful factor — a certain kind of negative impact during the operation in a
dangerous situation. Harmful factors for a human being, in particular, are the
conditions of existence, different from normal: pressure, temperature, physico-
chemical composition of the atmosphere or food, the level of electromagnetic
radiation, psychological stimulus, and the like.
• — a certain kind of negative impact during the emergency.
•
• External protection (human) — a set of measures and tools, whose goal is the preservation of life
and capacity of a particular person and which can be carried out without her active participation.
• Environment life (environment) includes natural, artificial and social environment and social
activities of man.
• Environment settings — providing a comfortable living environment.
• Built environment — everything that is created by the production activities of man for the life
(buildings, constructions, transport and communications, energy systems).
• The biosphere is the sphere of life, Earth, formed by living organisms. Includes the lower
atmosphere, all hydrosphere, and upper lithosphere.
• Atmosphere — air shell of the Earth that surrounds the planet from all sides and moves with her.
Gradually moving into the space. Atmospheric air is a mixture of gases with a mixture of liquid and
solid substances. Air (to a height of 100 km) consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% inert gases.
• The hydrosphere is water shell of our planet; it is comprised of oceans, seas, water, continents, ice
sheets, groundwater, water vapor in the atmosphere. The total volume of natural water is about
1.39 billion miles of Water Harbor 71% of the planet's surface (361 million km). But fresh water on
Earth, only 2% of its total. The daily rate of consumption of water by man — 1.5 l. the people of the
Earth consume daily water food around 9 million tons.
• Ecology is a science about the interaction of organisms between
themselves and the environment. Is a scientific basis for rational nature
management and protection of living organisms. Social ecology studies
the laws of interaction of society and the environment.
• Man was the highest development of living organisms on Earth, the
subject of socio-historical activity and culture. A distinctive feature of
man is the development and establishment of instruments of
production and using them to impact on the environment
• Population — set of people on Earth who live in a particular area and in
a single geographical environment. Population — the subject of
production and production relations. Ukraine is home to about 47
million. the vast majority Of them live in cities, others in rural areas.
• Food — a set of inorganic and organic substances that a living organism obtains from the
environment, it is used for construction and renewal of tissues, sustain and restore the lost
energy. The daily amount of food for one person is called diet. It depends on many factors:
age, gender, nature of work, climate and the like.
• Consumption can be individual and collective. Production and consumption are interrelated
and determine each other. Private consumption is the use of a population of consumer
goods to meet the needs for food, clothing, shelter, education, culture and the like.
• Consumption is a combination of various parameters of consumption, in which human
activity may not be in terms of discomfort.
• Rule of law — a form of identification law, state-sanctioned mandatory rule of a General
nature (law, decree, resolution) in this or that sphere of public relations. The body of law
regulating homogeneous relation, form a branch of law (civil, criminal, commercial, etc.).
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