METAMORPHIC

ROCK
NON-FOLIATED
What are Metamorphic Rocks?

Metamorphic rocks have been

modified by heat, pressure,
and chemical processes,
usually while buried deep
below Earth's surface.
Exposure to these extreme
conditions has altered the
mineralogy, texture, and
chemical composition of the
rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks

There are two basic types of metamorphic rocks. 

○ Foliated metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, phyllite, schist, and slate

 have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure
to heat and directed pressure.

○ Non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as hornfels, marble, quartzite,

and novaculite do not have a layered or banded appearance.

.
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

Non-foliated metamorphic rocks

are formed under either low-
pressure conditions or just
confining pressure do not become
foliated. They are not buried
deeply, and the heat for the
metamorphism comes from a body
of magma that has moved into the
upper part of the crust. This
is contact metamorphism.

.
Non-Foliated Rocks

• Metamorphic rocks that does not

show foliation are called non-
foliated rocks.

• One reason a metamorphic rock

may not display foliation is that it
is made up mainly of one type of
mineral, so that different minerals
cannot separate and line up in
layers

• Another reason that a

metamorphic rock may lack
foliation is that it has not been
subjected to high pressure
Example: 1

● Marble is non-foliated
because the mineral crystals
are not lined up in this rock.

● Marble is also made of

limestone.
Example: 2

● Hornfels is a fine-grained non-

foliated metamorphic rock
with no specific composition.

● It is produced by contact
metamorphism.

● Hornfels is a rock that was

"baked" while near a heat
source such as a 
magma chamber, sill, or dike.
Example: 3

● Quartzite is a non-foliated
metamorphic rock that is
produced by the
metamorphism of sandstone.

● It is composed primarily of 

quartz.
Example: 4

● Novaculite is a dense, hard,

fine-grained, siliceous rock
that breaks with a conchoidal
fracture.

● It forms from sediments

deposited in marine
environments where
organisms such as diatoms
(single-celled algae that
secrete a hard shell
composed of silicon dioxide)
are abundant in the water. 
Example: 5

● Anthracite is the highest rank

of coal. It has been exposed to
enough heat and pressure
that most of the oxygen and
hydrogen have been driven
off, leaving a high-carbon
material behind.

● It has a bright, lustrous

appearance and breaks with
a semi-conchoidal fracture. It
is often referred to as "hard
coal"; however, this is a
layman's term and has little to
do with the hardness of the
rock. 
 Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock Classification

Rock Name Marble Quartzite Hornfels Anthracite

Limestone or Quartz
Parent Rock Any rock type Bituminous Coal
Dolostone Sandstone

Calcite or
dolomite crystals
Quartz grains
tightly fused
fused together.
Mineral together. Calcite Microscopic dark Fine, tar-like,
Grains will not
Composition effervesces with silicates. organic makeup.
rub off like
HCL; dolomite
sandstone.
effervesces only
when powdered.
 Rock Name Marble Quartzite Hornfels Anthracite

Finely crystalline Crystalline. Hard

(resembling a (scratches Dense and dark-
sugar cube) to glass). Breaks colored. Fine or Microcrystalline
medium or across grains. microcrystalline texture. Glassy
coarse texture. Sandy or sugary texture. Very black sheen.
Textural Features
Color variable; texture. Color hard. Color can Conchoidal
white, pink, gray, variable; can be range from gray, fracture. Low
among others. white, pink, buff, gray-green to density.
Fossils in some brown, red, black.
varieties. purple.

Medium to Medium to
Grain Size Fine Fine
Coarse Coarse
 SOLUTION
PROBLEM
Marble, for example,
What are non-foliated is used as a
metamorphic rocks decorative stone. It is
used for? good for carving and
sculpting. It does not
split into layers as an
artist is working with
it
THANK YOU!
For Your Attention