Human Reso

urce
Managemen
t
Workforce a
n d Job Design
 Today’s Lecture
0 Explain how the workforce is changing in unpredicted
ways.
0 Identify components of work flow analysis that must
be considered.
0 Define job design and identify common approaches to
varying job design.
0 Describe different types of work teams and HR facets
that must be considered.

4–2
Explain how the workforce is
changing in unpredicted
ways.

4–3
 Trends Shaping Human
Resource Management
Globalization
and Competition
Trends

Indebtedness
(“Leverage”) and Technological
Deregulation Trends
Trends in HR
Management
Workforce and
Trends in the
Demographic
Nature of Work
Trends

Economic
Challenges and
Trends

1–4
Trends in the Nature of Work
Changes in How We Work

High-Tech Service Knowledge Work

Jobs Jobs and Human Capital

1–5
Workforce and Demographic
Trends
Demographic Trends

Generation “ X,Y,
Trends Affecting Millennials Z, Alpha”
Human Resources
Retirees

Nontraditional Workers

1–6
Identify components of work
flow analysis that must be
considered.

4–7
 Nature of Work and Jobs
0 Work: Effort directed toward accomplishing results
0 Job: Grouping of tasks, duties, and responsibilities
that constitutes the total work assignment for an
employee
0 Workflow analysis: Study of the way work (inputs,
activities, and outputs) moves through an
organization
4–9
Workflow Analysis
 Business Process
Reengineering
0 Reengineering generates the needed changes in the operations.
0 The purpose of business process reengineering (BPR) is to
improve such activities as product development, customer
service, and service delivery.
0 BPR consists of three phases:
0 1. Rethink: Examine how the current organization of work and jobs
affects customer satisfaction and service.
0 2. Redesign: Analyze how jobs are put together, the work flow, and
how results are achieved; then redesign the process as necessary.
0 3. Retool: Look at new technologies (equipment, computers,
software, etc.) as opportunities to improve productivity, service
quality, and customer satisfaction.
0 4. Implement and Monitor 4–11
4–12
Define job design and identify
common approaches to
varying job design.

4–13
 Job Design
0 Job design is organizing tasks, duties, responsibilities, and
other elements into a productive unit of work.
0 Identifying the components of a given job is an integral
part of job design. s into a productive unit of work.

4–14
 Workers and Job Design
0 Person – Job Fit
0 Person – Team Fit
0 Person – Organization fit

4–15
 Workers and Job Design
0 Full-Time Employees
0 Part-Time Employees
0 Independent Contractors
0 Temporary Workers
0 Contingent workers: Not a full-time employee, but a
temporary or part-time worker for a specific period of
time and type of work

4–16
Common Approaches to
Job Design

4–17
 Common Approaches to
Job Design
0 Job Enlargement
0 Broadening the scope of a job by expanding the number of
different tasks that are performed
0 Job Enrichment
0 Increasing the depth of a job by adding responsibility for
planning, organizing, controlling, and/or evaluating the job
0 Job Rotation
0 Process of shifting a person from job to job
0 Job Simplification
0 Jobs division into smaller parts
0 Job sharing
Scheduling arrangement in which two employees perform the work
of one full-time job.
Job Characteristics Model,

Hackman and Oldham – Job Characteristics Model

4–19
 Characteristics of Jobs to
Consider in Design
0 Skill Variety
0 Work requires several activities for successful
completion
0 Task Identity
0 Job includes a whole identifiable unit of work that is
carried out from start to finish
0 Task Significance
0 Impact the job has on other people
 Characteristics of Jobs to
Consider in Design
0 Autonomy
0 Individual freedom and discretion in the work and its
scheduling
0 Feedback
0 Amount of information employees receive about how
well or how poorly they have performed
Job Design Optimization Tool

Robert Simons (JDOT)

4–22
 Worker Teams in Jobs
0 Working teams
0 Special-purpose teams
0 Multi-functional teams
0 Self-directed teams
0 Virtual teams

4–23
Question &
Answers
Class Activi
ty
Class Activi
ty