Linux OS Vs Windows OS

Linux OS Windows OS
General Info
 The Linux kernel released on  Windows was first released in
17th September, 1991 1985.

 Linux was developed by Linus  Windows OS was developed by

Torvalds Microsoft

 The first version of Linux was  Thefirst version of Windows OS

Version 0.01 was Windows 1.0

 Linux combined with the GNU  Windows OS is neither open

system to produce a complete free source nor free OS and is the
operating system property of Microsoft Company
 Windows and Linux

 Both Linux and Windows are based on foundations

developed in the mid-1970s

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 Linux OS
A commercial version of Linux was
released by Red Hat in the early 1990’s
(combining the OS with technical
support and documentation)
Linux is an example of Open Source
software development and Free
Operating System (OS).
Linux can be freely distributed,
downloaded freely. There are priced
versions for Linux also, but they are
normally cheaper than Windows.
Windows OS
Windows OS was developed by
Microsoft .
Windows is the family of operating
system (OS) from Microsoft, which is
the most famous OS in the world.
 For desktop or home use, Windows
can be expensive. A single copy can cost
around $50 to $ 450 depending on the
version of Windows.

Linux can be used by everyone (from  Windows can also be used by

home users to developers) everyone (from home users to
developers)
 Linux OS Windows OS
 Linux can be installed on a wide  On PC's servers and some phones.
variety of computer hardware, ranging
from mobile phones, tablet computers
and video game consoles, to mainframes
and supercomputers.

 In Linux, till now there are 60 to 100  In windows, till now there are 60,000
viruses listed. viruses listed.

 Linux kernel is developed by the  Microsoft created the Windows

community. operating system, but allows other
computer manufactures to distribute their
own computers with Windows pre-
installed.
 Both Windows and Linux come in many flavors. All the flavors of
Windows come from Microsoft, the various distributions of Linux
come from different companies (i.e. Linspire ,Red Hat,Ubuntu…)
Linux OS Windows OS

The flavors of Linux are referred The older flavors are referred to
to as distributions . as "Win9x" and consist of Windows
95, 98, 98SE and Me.

 All the Linux distributions The newer flavors are referred to

released around the same time as "NT class" and consist of
frame will use the same kernel . Windows NT3, NT4, 2000, XP ,
Vista ,7 and 8 .
 What is it?
 Linux is an example of Open Source software development and
Free Operating System (OS).
 Windows is the family of operating system (OS) from Microsoft,
which is the most famous OS in the world.

Linux OS Windows OS

Cost: Windows can be expensive.

Linux can be freely distributed,
downloaded freely,

There are priced versions for Linux A single copy can cost around $50
also, but they are normally cheaper to $ 450 depending on the version of
than Windows. Windows.
 Linux OS
Manufacturer: Linux kernel is developed
by the community. Linus
Torvalds oversees things.
Usage: Linux can be installed on a
wide variety of computer
hardware, ranging from
mobile phones, tablet
computers and video game
consoles, to mainframes and
supercomputers.
File system Linux file system in
hierarchical model
Windows OS
Microsoft created the Windows
operating system, but allows
other computer manufactures
to distribute their own
computers with Windows pre-
installed.
Windows can be instelled On
PC's servers and some phones.
windows file system is flat
type
 Linux OS Windows OS

“ But not in case of

Linux treats everything Windows.
as files (even printer, hard
disk, etc.,).

Linux process the  But not in case of

process hierarchy, Windows.

Development Linux is developed by Windows is developed

and Open Source development and distributed by
distribution: i.e. through sharing and Microsoft.
collaboration of code
 Linux OS Windows OS
and it is distributed by various vendors
such as Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu, etc.

GUI: Linux typically provides two GUIs, The Windows GUI is an

KDE and Gnome. But Linux GUI is integral component of the OS
optional and it is mainly influenced
by Apple Macintosh OS and
Xerox.

Security: Linux has had about 60-100 viruses According to Dr. Nic Peeling
listed till date. None of them actively and Dr.Julian Satchel's
spreading nowadays. “Analysis of the Impact of
Open Source Software”
 Linux OS Windows OS

there have been more than 60,000

viruses in Windows.
Threat In case of Linux, threat After detecting a major threat in
detection and detection and solution is very Windows OS, Microsoft generally
solution: fast. releases a patch that can fix the
problem and it can take more than
2/3 months.
 General information
 To run Windows, it has to first be installed to your
hard disk. same thing true for Linux BUT there are
quite a few version of Linux that run completely
from a CD without installing to hardware called as
Active CD. Moreover Linux can run on Window
Like Cygwin but opposite is not true..
 Comparing the Architectures

Both Linux and Windows are monolithic

 All core operating system services run in a shared address space in kernel-
mode.

 All core operating system services are part of a single module.

Windowing is handled differently:

 Windows has a kernel-mode Windowing subsystem.

 Linux has a user-mode X-Windowing system.

 Scheduling Priorities

Windows 31

Two scheduling classes

Fixed
 “Real time” (fixed) - priority 16-31
 Dynamic - priority 1-15
16
Higher priorities are favored
15
 Priorities of dynamic threads get
boosted on wakeups I/O
Dynamic
 Thread priorities are never lowered

Windows
 cont…

Linux: 0

Has 3 scheduling classes:

 Normal – priority 100-139 Fixed FIFO
 Fixed Round Robin – priority 0-99 Fixed Round-Robin

 Fixed FIFO – priority 0-99

Lower priorities are favored
99
 Priorities of normal threads go up
(decay) as they use CPU 100
I/O
Normal
 Priorities of interactive threads go down
(boost) CPU
140

Linux
 System Components of Linux
Kernel: responsible for maintaining all the
important abstractions of the operating system,
including such things as virtual memory and
processes
System libraries: a standard set of functions
through which applications can interact with the
kernel, and which implement much of the
operating system functionality that does not need
the full privileges of kernel code
System utilities: programs that perform individual,
specialized management tasks.
 System Components of Windows
The architecture of windows is a layered system of
modules.
The main layers are the hardware, abstraction
layer, the kernel and the executive that run in
protected mode, and a large collection of
subsystems that run in user mode.
 Memory Management of Linux
Two components to memory management are
:
a. First: Physical memory-management system
deals with allocating and freeing pages,
groups of pages, and small blocks of memory.
b. Second: Handles virtual memory, which is
memory mapped into the address space of
running processes.
Memory Management of Windows
The Win32 API provides several ways for an
application to use memory: virtual memory,
memory-mapped files, heaps, and thread-local
storages.
One way to use memory is by memory mapping a
file into its address space. Memory mapping is also
a convenient way for two processes to share
memory – both processes map the same file into
their virtual memory. Memory mapping is a
multistage process.
 File Systems of Linux
Linux kernel handles various different types of file
by hiding the implementation details of any single
file type behind a layer of software, the virtual file
system (VFS)
 File Systems of Windows
Historically, MS-DOS systems have used the file-
allocation table (FAT) file system. The 16-bit FAT file
system has several shortcomings, including internal
fragmentation, a size limitation of 2 GB, and a lack of
access protection for files. The 32-bit FAT file system has
solved the size and fragmentation problems, but the
performance and features are still weak by comparison
with modern file systems. The NTFS is much better. It was
designed with many features in mind, including data
recovery, security, fault tolerance, large files and file
systems, multiple data streams, UNICODE names, and file
compression.
 Security of Linux
It’s security model can be classified in two
groups:
a. Authentication: Making sure that nobody can
access the system without first providing that
he has entry rights
b. Access control: Providing a mechanism for
checking whether a user has the right to
access a certain object, and preventing access
to objects as required
 Security of Windows
Security of an NTFS volume is derived from the
windows object model. Each file object has a
security descriptor attribute stored in its MFT
record. This attribute contains the access token of
the owner of the file, and an access-control list that
states the access privileges that are granted to each
user that has access to the file.
 Linux OS Vs Windows OS

Thanking You !!!! Rajan Kandel